Part I: to 1914

SELECT ENGLISH LANGUAGE WORKS ON THE HISTORY OF EASTERN EUROPE

PART I: TO 1914 (being revised Spring 2009).

Prof. Anna M. Cienciala,
3045 Steven Dr.,
Lawrence, KS ,66049-3025.

e-mail: hanka@ku.edu.

PREFACE

In this annotated bibliography, Eastern Europe means most of the region, between the Baltic Sea in the North and the Aegean in the South, also between Germany, Austria and Italy in the West, and Ukraine and Belarus in the East.

East Central Europe means Poland, the Czech and Slovak Republics (formerly Czechoslovakia), and Hungary; this region is emphasized in the selection. Poland receives the most space not only because it is the compiler's primary interest, but also because it enjoys more English language studies than any other country in the whole region. In Part I, Selected works on the Balkans and the Baltic peoples are listed after those on East Central Europe.

Biographical information is provided if available to the compiler at the time. Diacritics are omitted because they were unavailable on the Internet program used here. Publication data is generally restricted to place and date. My thanks go to Gordon Anderson, former Slavic Reference Bibliographer in the Watson Library, University of Kansas now at the University of Minnesota, for his help in finding data, but he is not responsible for any mistakes and omissions to be found here. I also wish to thank my colleague Lynn Nelson, Irsan Jie and Computer Specialist John Rinnert, the last two of the Instruction and Development Support at K.U., for their help over the past few years.Diacritical signs (accents) are omitted because of the technical difficulty involved..

This bibliography does not conform to standard bibliographical style because it was compiled not by a professional bibliographer but a teacher of Modern East European History for undergraduate and graduate students in History and CREES (Center for Russian, East European and Eurasian Studies) at the University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS., also for all students at other universities and people interested in the region. Furthermore, one scholar's selections do not necessarily match another's, and new publications are appearing all the time. Thus, this is a work in progress, so comments, corrections, additions, and suggestions are most welcome, especially for countries other than Poland..

INDEX

1. General Histories of the Whole Region.
2. General Histories of East Central Europe. (Poles, Czechs, Slovaks, Hungarians)
3. Select Bibliographies, all of Eastern Europe.
4. Historical Atlases.
5. Historical Dictionaries. (By Country. Note: these often have bibliographical information)
6. Historiography of the Countries of Eastern Europe.
7. Encyclopedias.
8. Periodicals.
9. Websites and Archives.
- A. Websites.
- B. Archives.
Part I. History from 1600 to 1914.
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SELECT ENGLISH LANGUAGE WORKS ON THE HISTORY OF EASTERN EUROPE.

PREFACE. In this annotated bibliography, Eastern Europe means most of the region, between the Baltic Sea in the North and the Aegean in the South, also between Germany, Austria and Italy in the West, and Russia in the East.

East Central Europe means Poland, Czechoslovakia and Hungary, and this region is emphasized in the selection. Poland receives the most space not only because it is the compiler’s primary interest, but also because it enjoys more English language studies than any other country in the whole region. In Part I, Selected works on the Balkans and the Baltic peoples are listed after those on East Central Europe.

Biographical information is provided if available to the compiler at the time. Diacritics are omitted because of the technical difficulty of inserting them.. Publication data is generally restricted to place and date. My thanks go to Gordon Anderson, former Slavic Reference Bibliographer in the Watson Library, University of Kansas, now at the University of Minnesotat, for his help in finding data. He is not responsible for any mistakes and omissions to be found here.

This bibliography does not conform to standard bibliographical style because it was compiled not by a professional bibliographer but a teacher of Modern East European History for undergraduate and graduate students in History and REES (Russian, East European and Eurasian Studies) at the University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS., also for all such students at other American universities and other people interested in the region. Furthermore, one scholar’s selections do not necessarily match another’s, and new publications are appearing all the time. Thus, this is a work in progress, so comments, corrections, additions, and suggestions are most welcome, especially for countries other than Poland. Please send e-mails to Prof. Anna M. Cienciala at the following e-mail address: hanka@ku..edu. The bibliography is updated periodically.

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General Histories, Reference Works, Websites, Archives.

1. General Histories of the Whole Region.

Robert Bideleux and Ian Jeffries, A History of Eastern Europe. Crisis and Change, London and New York, 1998, 2nd ed. 2007..

(Bideleux was then Director of the Centre of Russian and East European Studies and of the Master’s Programme in European Politics at the University of Wales, Swansea; Jeffries, a member of the Centre,was a lecturer in the Dept. of Economics. The book is based on scholarly works published in English; Parts I through IV, are reliable and well written, covering history from prehistoric times to the end of World War I; Part V, on the Interwar Period, can be faulted for an almost totally negative evaluation, especially condemning “ethnic nationalism” while underestimating the impact of general insecurity in the face of German and Soviet policie. It also stresses fascist trends without sufficient consideration for inherited economic, political and social problems. The authors dispense with World War II in 7 pages [519-26]; part V covers the period from Yalta to 1989 and after).

Francis Dvornik, The Slavs in European History and Civilization, New Brunswick, N. J., 1962.

(Dvornik, 1893-1975, a prominent Czech specialist in the history of the Byzantine Empire and medieval Eastern Europe, was born in. Chomyz, Czechoslovakia, came to U.S. 1948, citizen 1954, d. Kromeriz, Czechoslovakia, 1975.. The book is very informative on the Slavic peoples, including Russia, from the middle ages to 1848 with an epilog up to 1917, but focuses on the period up to 1725; esp. good on culture)

Oscar Halecki, Borderlands of Western Civilization, New York, 1952.

(Good, political survey through World War II. Halecki, 1891-1973, was a great Polish specialist on medieval and early modern East Central Europe, who always emphasized that the region was part of European civilization. The book, designed for American students, is still useful as an outline political history, but a great deal of new research has been done since that time, particularly on the 19th and 20th centuries).

Philip Longworth, The Making of Eastern Europe. From Prehistory to Postcommunism, 2^nd edition, New York, 1997.

(Longworth, then a professor of history at McGill University, Montreal, has chosen the route of writing history backwards from the present to the distant past. He disagrees with the view that at least East Central Europe and the northern part of former Yugoslavia, that is, Croatia and Slovenia, are part of Western Civilization. Heroundly condemns the East European states of the interwar period for their nationalist excesses while not emphasizing the progress made in other areas and giving slight attention to general insecurity and the traumatic experiences of World War II).

Robin Okey, Eastern Europe 1740-1985. Feudalism to Communism, 2nd ed., Minneapolis, Minn., 1986.

(Good survey by a contemporary British historian, showing the cultural and economic connections between W. Europe and E. Europe).

2. General Histories of East Central Europe.(Poles, Czechs, Slovaks, Hungarians)

Francis Dvornik, The Making of Central and Eastern Europe, London (Polish Research Centre), 1949 2^nd ed., Gulf Breeze, FL.,1974.

(A detailed study of the history of Poles, Czechs, Hungarians and Kievan Rus in the 10^th and 11^th centuries by a Czech historian.. It has appendices on White Croatia and White Serbia and the Donation of Poland to the Holy See, the “Dagome Iudex.”).

Lonnie R.Johnson, Central Europe. Enemies, Neighbors, Friends, New York, Oxford, 1996, 2nd ed. 2002.

(A good, general history stressing historical Austrian influence on contemporary nations. The book jacket reproduces a contemporary, satirical engraving of four monarchs showing their gains on a map of Poland, 1772. However, it is doubtful that - as the jacket explanation states - one of them is the unfortunate last King of Poland, Stanislas Augustus Poniatowski, who would have no interest in pointing at eastern Galicia. The monarch identified as Poniatowski resembles the Austrian Empress Maria Theresa, who is pointing there while her son and heir Joseph points to western Galicia - both taken by Austria in 1772. Johnson, born in Minnesota, has lived in Vienna since 1974 and has published books on Austria and Vienna).

Piotr S. Wandycz, The Price of Freedom. A History of East Central Europe from the Middle Ages to the Present, London and New York, 1992, revised ed. 2001.

(Best, concise history of the region so far by the eminent Polish-American historian. Piotr S. Wandycz, b. 1923 in Poland, was educated in Poland, France and England. He is a Professor Emeritus of Yale University, and the leading historian of interwar Poland’s foreign relations. In this book, based on many years of study and teaching, the period up to 1660 is treated as background. The book is v. good in showing similarities and differences between the peoples of the region in each major period. It has good, short bibliographies).

3. Select Bibliographies, all of Eastern Europe.

A. General:

The American Historical Association Guide to Historical Literature, 3^rd edition, Mary Beth Norton and Pamela Gerardi, eds., vol. Two., Oxford, 1995

(Section 33 lists reference works on the region and by country. Unlike the sections on Western Europe and USSR, the sections on Eastern Europe have no thematic subdivisions, only rough chronological divisions into periods before and after World War I. This problem is, however, partly remedied in the subject index under each country.

Murlin Croucher, SLAVIC STUDIES. A Guide to Bibliographies, Encyclopedias, and Handbooks, 2 vols., Scholarly Resources, Inc., Wilmington, Delaware, 1993.

(M. Croucher was then a Librarian Specialist and Professor at Indiana University, Bloomington, IN. This is the most comprehensive work of its kind for Slavic Studies).

For older but still useful bibliographies, see:

Paul L. Horecky, ed., East Central Europe. Guide to Basic Publications, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, London, 1969.

(Topical Overview, plus by country: East Germany, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Sorbs (Lusatians) and Polabians. Excellent on historical sources and literature published up to 1965-66. Horecky (1913-1999), was of Ukrainian origin and was for many years Chief of the Slavic and Central European Division, Library of Congress, until he retired in 1977..

same: South-Eastern Europe. A Guide to Basic Publications, Chicago, 1969..

(Covers the Balkans).

B. For annual bibliographies, see:

American Bibliographies of Slavic and East European Studies, American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies (place of publication changes every few years according to editor’s university affiliation).

Bibliographic Guide to Slavic, Baltic, and Eurasian studies, New York, from 1995.

European Bibliographies of Slavic and East European Studies, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, Institut des Etudes Slaves, Paris.

C. Bibliographies by Country.

Albania.William B. Bland, Anthonia Young, Albania, rev. ed., World Bibliographical Series, vol. 94, Oxford, 1997.

Bulgaria

R.J. Crampton, Bulgaria, World Bibliographical Series, Santa Barbara and Oxford, England, 1989.

Croatia

George J. Prpic, Croatia and the Croatians. A Selected and Annotated Bibliography in English, Scotsdale, AR., 1982. (see also Yugoslavia below).

Czechoslovakia, Slovakia.

Miroslav Rechcigl Jr., Czechoslovakia Past and Present. vol. I. Political, International, Social and Economic Aspects, The Hague, Netherlands, 1968.

(Excellent bibliography by a Czech scholar; includes periodicals; however, much has been published since 1968).

Stanislav J. Kirschbaum, A History of Slovakia. The Struggle for Survival, New York, 1995, pb. 1996; 2nd ed., 2005.

(The book is very sympathetic to Slovakia and has an extensive bibliography. Its author, who is of Slovak descent, was then a professor of Political Science and Coordinator of the International Studies Program, York University, Toronto, Canada).

David Short, Czechoslovakia. Clio Press vol. 68, Oxford, 1986 .

Jarold Knox Zeman, The Hussite Movement and the Reformation in Bohemia, Moravia and Slovakia, 1350-1560: a Bibliographical Study Guide, with Particular Reference to Sources in North America, Ann Arbor, Mich., c. 1977.

(J. K. Zeman, b.Czechoslovakia, 1926, taught in Canada after World War II and is a specialist in medieval and early modern European religious movements).

Hungary

Elemer Bako, Guide to Hungarian Studies, Stanford, CA., 1976

Thomas Kabdebo, Hungary, Clio Press, Santa Barbara, CA., 1980.

Poland

Barbara Dotts Paul, The Polish-German Borderlands. An Annotated Bibliography, Greenwood Press, Wesport, CT, London, 1994.

(Very useful; ch. 2 covers period up to 1914. The author was then a professional bibliographer at the University of Wisconsin, Stevens Point, WI).

John A. Drobnicki, “The Russo-Polish War, 1919-1920: A Bibliography of Works in English,” The Polish Review, vol. XLII (42), no. 1, 1997, pp. 95--104. (Updated version on line.)

August Gerald Kanka, Poland. An Annotated Bibliography of Books in English, New York and London, Garland Press, 1988 (Very useful).

George J. Lerski and Halina T. Lerski, Jewish-Polish Coexistence, 1772-1939, New York, London, Westport CT., Greenwood Press, 1986.

(Excellent. Jerzy Lerski, 1917-1992, was a member of the Polish Peasant Party and a courier of the Armia Krajowa (Polish Home Army) from Poland to London in World War II (see his Poland's Secret Envoy, 1939-1945, New York, 1988). He was a member of the last Polish government-in-exile, London; and a historian of East Central Europe teaching at the University of San Francisco. He published books and articles on Polish history, also documents on Herbert Hoover's help for Poland, i 1919-21: Herbert Hoover and Poland, Stanford, CA, 1972..

John A. Okonski, Wartime Poland, 1939-1945. A Select Annotated Bibliography of Books in English, Greenwood Press, CT., 1997.

(Gives some coverage of interwar Poland; valuable for including books on World War II where Poland is discussed. It includes some works in Polish, presumably because they met with the author’s approval. Comments on the contents of some books are misleading; does not list articles).

George Sanford (George Sakwa) and Adriana Gozdecka-Sanford, Poland,World Bibliographical Series no. 32, Oxford, Santa Barbara, 1993. Sanford is a British Political Scientist of Polish descent and an expert on Poland.

Romania.

Kurt W. Treptow et al., eds., A History of Romania, Iasi, 1997 (Very favroable to Romania; has an excellent bibliography divided into key periods).

Yugoslavia.

John J. Horton, Yugoslavia. Revised and Expanded Edition, World Bibliographical Series, no. 1., Santa Barbara, CA., 1990. (includes sources on all the republics/peoples and their histories) .

The Baltic Peoples.

Inese A. Smith and Martia V. Grunts, The Baltic States: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, World Bibliographical Series, vol. 161, Oxford, England; Santa Barbara, CA., Denver CO., 1993.

(has a good historical introduction and chronology; sections on history, foreign relations, politics, Soviet occupation and communism, religion languages, literatures, health, economics, overseas populations and others).

4. Historical Atlases.

Richard and Ben Crampton, Atlas of Eastern Europe in the Twentieth Century, Routledge, London and New York, 1998.

(This atlas is a companion to R.J. Crampton’s book on 20^th century Eastern Europe [see bibliography on Inter-War Period]. It has black and white maps and graphs with very good, brief texts on demographics, economics, politics, social structure, international relations. R.J. Crampton is a British expert on Bulgaria teaching East European history at Oxford University. His son Ben cooperated in preparing this atlas).

Dennis P. Hupchick and Harold E. Cox, A Concise Historical Atlas of Eastern Europe, New York, 1996.

(Hupchick, a specialist in Bulgarian history, teaches at Wilkes University. The atlas has 50 sections with maps and commentary; 41 deal with pre-1914 period, with special attention to the early medieval period up to the 13^th century [sections 5-16]. The cultural map - no. 4- shows the West European -East European fault [lines] with areas of convergence, in general agreement with O. Halecki, Norman Davies and P.S. Wandycz).

Paul Robert Magocsi, Historical Atlas of East Central Europe, Seattle and London, 1993, 2^nd ed. 1999, 3rd ed. 2002..

(This is an excellent work covering the history of all of Eastern Europe with clear, detailed maps by Geoffrey J. Matthews and brief historical commentaries by Magocsi. The author, b.1945, Englewood, N.J., is of Ukrainian descent and a professor of History and Political Science at the University of Toronto, Canada. He has published a historical atlas of Ukraine, a history of the Rusyns, and a history of Ukraine).

Wladyslaw Czaplinski and Tadeusz Ladogorski, The Historical Atlas of Poland, 9^th ed., Warsaw-Wroclaw, 1989.

(Czaplinski, 1905-81, was a specialist on the history of 16-17th century Poland at the University of Wroclaw, previously Breslau.. Ladogorski was then a professor emeritus of geography at the same university. This is a very good atlas with excellent maps and commentary).

5. Historical Dictionaries. (By Country. Note: these often have bibliographical information)

Raymond Hutchings, Historical Dictionary of Albania, Scarecrow Press, Lanham, MD., London, 1996..

(R.Hutchings, b. England, 1924, was in the British Foreign Office and Diplomatic Service, 1952-68, then pursued an academic career in England, Australia and the U.S. He has published several books on the USSR).

Ante Cuvalo, Historical Dictionary of Bosnia-Herzegovina, Lanham, MD., 1997

(The author also published a book on the Croatian national movement in 1966-72).

Raymond Detrez, Historical Dictionary of Bulgaria, Lanham, MD., 1997.

Robert Stallaerts & Jeannine Lawen, Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Croatia, Metuchen, Scarecrow Press, 1997.

(Stallaerts has also published a Historical Dictionary of Belgium).

Jiri Hochman, Historical Dictionary of the Czech State, Lanham MD and London, 1998.

(The author, b.Czechoslovakia, 1926, is a journalist and historian who left Czechoslovakia after the Warsaw Pact invasion of Aug. 1968. He has published a book on the Soviet policy of collective security in the 1930s and edited Alexander Dubcek’s memoirs, for both of which see Part II of this bibliography.He taught at Ohio State University in 1974-89, then returned to Czechoslovakia).

Steven Bela Vardy, Historical Dictionary of Hungary, Lanham, MD., 1997.

(B.Vardy, b. Hungary, 1936, in U.S. since 1950, has authored several books on Hungarian history. This work has been criticized for some selections and omissions - see: Joachim von Puttkamer, The Austrian History Yearbook, vol. XXX (30), 1999, pp. 282-283).

Saulius Suziedalis, Historical Dictionary of Lithuania, Lanham MD., 1997.

(Suziedalis, b.1945, obtained his Ph.D. at the University of Kansas, 1977; he then taught at Millersville University, Millersville, Pa; for other works, see Pt. I , under: Baltic Peoples, and Pt. II: Baltic States, 1939).

George J. Lerski, Piotr Wrobel and Richard J. Kozicki, Historical Dictionary of Poland 966-1945, Westport CT. London, Greenwood Press, 1996.

(This is the best work of its kind. For Lerski, see bibliographies, above. P. Wrobel, born and educated in Poland, has written on 19^th- and 20^th century Polish history and holds the chair of Polish History, University of Toronto. Kozicki, professor emeritus of Politics and Asian Studies, was Lerski’s colleague and friend at the University of San Francisco, also project director and editor of the English language text).

Piotr Wrobel, Historical Dictionary of Poland, 1945-1996, Westport, Ct., 1998. (has been criticized for some omissions and selections).

Kurt W. Treptow & Marcel Popa, Historical Dictionary of Romania, Lanham MD., and London, 1996

(Treptow is the editor-in-chief of A History of Romania, Iasi, 1997).

Stanislav J. Kirschbaum, Historical Dictionary of Slovakia, Lanham MD., and London, 1999.

(On author, see bibliographies, above).

6. Historiography of the Countries of Eastern Europe.

These articles, written by experts, appeared under this title and in this sequence in the American Historical Review, vol. 97, no. 4., October 1992.

Maria Todorova, “Bulgaria,” pp. 1005-1117.

Piotr S. Wandycz, “Poland,” pp. 1018- 1025.

Jiri Koralka, “Czechoslovakia,” pp. 1026-1040.

Istvan Deak, “Hungary,” pp. 1041-1063.

Keith Hitchins, “Romania,” pp. 1064-1083.

Ivo Banac, “Yugoslavia,” pp. 1084-1104.

7. Encyclopedias.

John B. Allcock, Marko Milivojevic and John J. Horton, eds., Conflict in the Former Yugoslavia. An Encyclopedia, Denver, CO., 1998.

Richard C. Frucht, ed., The Encyclopedia of Eastern Europe: From the Congress of Vienna to the Fall of Communism, Garland Publishing Inc., New York, 2000.

(Frucht, an expert on Balkan history, esp. Romania, teaches at Northwest Missouri State. University; the book includes a long article on Poland and a short biography of Polish Foreign Minister Jozef Beck by A.M. Cienciala. Some of the shorter entries on Poland are misleading; for a critical review see B.M. Biskupski in Polish Review 2003).

Joseph Slabey Roucek ed., Slavonic Encyclopedia, New York Philosophical Library, 1949.

(J. Roucek, b. U.S. 1902, in U.S. after 1921, published in the fields of Political Science, Sociology and Education; this is an older work but still useful).

[NOTE: scholarly entries on East European countries, history, key events and prominent persons are to be found in the: Encyclopedia Britannica and Academic American Encyclopedia, 1980. as well as in Wikipedia. The latter is free online]

8.Periodicals.

(i) General.

The Austrian History Yearbook.

(This annual publication has been appearing since 1964, first at Rice University, and then at the Center for Austrian Studies, University of Minnesota. It is a high quality journal with valuable articles on the history of the Habsburg Empire and modern Austria, also book reviews. The editor is Professor Charles W. Ingrao, Purdue University, IN).

Balkan Studies, published in Greece since 1960.

(a high quality journal).

Balkanistika, Columbus, OH., biennial since 1974.

(high quality journal).

Canadian Slavic Studies - Revue Canadienne d’Etudes Slaves, Canada, published since 1967.

(High quality journal).

Cross Currents, Dept. of Slavic Languages and Literatures, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI., since 1982.

(high quality journal on the arts).

East Central Europe, Charles J. Schlacks Jr. Publisher, Idyllwild, CA, then Germany.

(This high quality journal, published since 1974, has appeared since the early 1990s as annual or bi-annual volumes devoted to specific topics. Edited by Schlacks since 2004 it is now published in Germany).

East European Politics and Societies, University of California, Berkeley, CA., from 1987.

( high quality journal which appears three times a year; articles mostly on other disciplines. but also history).

East European Quarterly, editor: Prof. Stephen A. Fischer-Galati, prof. em. University of Colorado at Boulder.

(This scholarly quarterly has been published since 1967 at the University of Colorado, Boulder, CO. Fischer-Galati, b. Bucharest, Romania, 1924, has published several books on 20^th century Romania. He is also the editor of East European Monographs, a most valuable series of over 200 books on East European history; electronic version available).

Journal of Baltic Studies, formerly Bulletin of Baltic Studies ,

(This is a scholarly quarterly with articles in English and German, edited by Dr. Saulius Suziedalis, published by the Association for the Advancement of Baltic Studies, 3465 E. Burnside St., Portland, OR., 97214-2050;Back issues available from UMI).

Journal of Slavic Military Studies, (formerly Journal of Soviet Military Studies) London, from 1988.

(high quality journal, has occasional historical articles).

Nationalities Papers, editor-in-chief Harry R. Huttenbach, City College of the City University of New York.

(High quality quarterly journal published since 1972; volumes are devoted to particular topics and countries. Huttenbach, b. Worms, Germany, 1930, educated in U.S., is a specialist in Russian and Jewish history, also the Caucasus, and teaches at the City College of New York).

Problems of Communism , USIA, Washington, D.C., 1952-1994

(Good articles and book reviews)

Problems of Post-Communism, 1994 - published by M.E. Sharpe, Armonk, N.Y. (Excellent, high quality quarterly journal; also electronic version.)

Radio Free Europe Research - weekly, Munich, 1974-1990.

(Valuable data and analysis)

Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, since 1990;Part II, Prague, on line. Back issues: http://www.rferl.org/newsline.

Report on Eastern Europe/Radio Free Europe, Munich, special issue, Dec. 1, 1989; weekly 1990-91.

The Slavic Review

(Originally the American Slavic Review, 1941-61, then Slavic Review; a high quality quarterly journal published by the American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies--AAASS. There is an index covering the years 1941-61.)

(The Slavonic and East European Review, began as the Slavonic Review, 1922-27, then the Slavonic and East European Review, 1928-1939, then the Slavonic Yearbook, 1939-43, when it changed back to first name. Published as a high quality quarterly journal by the Institute of Slavonic and East European Studies, University of London.).

South-Eastern Europe, Charles Schlacks Jr., Publisher, Idyllwild, CA. .

(high quality journal).

(NOTE: Articles on the history of East European countries are sometimes published in the American Historical Review and the Journal of Modern History; both journals also publish reviews of books on East Central European and Balkan history).

(ii) Journals By Country. (All are high quality journals).

Bulgarian Historical Review, Sofia, Bulgaria, from 1973 (some materials in English).

Journal of Croatian Studies, from 1960, Annual Review of the Croatian Academy of America, Inc., New York.

Kosmas. Journal of the Czechoslovak Society of Arts and Sciences, Washington, D.C., 1982-1988.

Kosmas. Czechoslovak and Central European Journal, 1996-editor: Bruce Garver, Univ. of Nebraska at Omaha, NEB. (Published by the Czechoslovak Society of Arts and Sciences, Washington, D.C. )

Journal of Modern Greek Studies, from 1982; published by Johns Hopkins University Press, Boston, MASS.

Hungarian Quarterly, New York, from 1965.

The New Hungarian Quarterly, Budapest, since 1960.

Hungarian Studies, from 1985; published by Akademiai Kiado, Budapest.

Studia Scientiarum Academiae Hungariae, Budapest. (Has some Eng. lang. materials)

Kosova, Historical and Political Review, The Institute of History, Prishtina, published in Tirana, Albania, since 1995. (The authors are Kosova Albanians).

Lituanus -Champaign, IL., from 1954.

(articles and book reviews on Lithuanian history).

Acta Poloniae Historica,

(Published in English by the Institute of History, Polish Academy of Sciences, one or more volumes annually since 1958. Editor: Maria Bogucka, a prominent historian of medieval - early modern Poland and Europe.)

The Polish Review, published by the Polish Institute of Arts and Sciences of America first in1942, resumed in 1956. Present editor: Dr. Charles S. Kraszewski.

(Dr. Kraszewski is a specialist on modern Polish literature and a translator. This quarterly covers all disciplines, but emphasizes the humanities and social sciences. There are three indexes: one covering volumes 1-11, published in 1967, the second, a cumulative index, covering vols. 1- 25, 1942-80, published in 1981, and the third, covering vols. 26-40, 1981-95, published in 1997).

The Sarmatian Review, a quarterly.

(A lively periodical edited by Prof. Ewa M.Thompson, a specialist in modern Polish and Russian literatures, Rice University, Houston, TX. The review has articles on Polish history and other areas, contemporary statistics, polemics and book reviews; postal address: P.O.Box 79119, Houston, TX., 77279-9119.)

Romanian Civilization, .

(A popular, illustrated journal, published since 1992 by the Center for Romanian Studies, Iasi)

Serbian Studies,

Journal of the North American Society for Serbian Studies, Chicago, IL., since 1980.

Slovene Studies,

Journal of the Society for Slovene Studies; published by the Dept. for Slavic Languages and Literatures, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN,

9. Websites and Archives.

A. Websites.

(i) Eastern Europe:

www.Centraleurope.com - ongoing news plus lots of commercial advertisements.

General and East European Resources. The University of Pittsburgh, REES Web Home Page: www.ucis.pitt.edu/reesweb/rees.html. (See REESweb Shortcuts and Directory of Internet Resources by discipline)..

(ii).East Central Europe.

Hungary Page: http:www.org/~hipcat/ - has Hungarian News, Culture, and related links, including History and Resources on Hungary and Transylvania.

(historical sources given from the Hungarian point of view).

Polish Institute of Arts and Sciences of America, Inc., Director: Dr. Tadeusz Gromada, postal address: 208 East 30^th Street, New York,N.Y., 10016, tel: (212) 686-4154; . Website: http://www.piasa.org/ (Archival Info.Center: includes Institute and Polish archives elsewhere).

(iii) Baltic States.

Latvian Academic Networks: http:www.lanet.lv/

(much of the material is in Latvian).

B. Archives.

(i)East Central Europe.

A Guide to East-Central European Archives, edited by Charles W. Ingrao, assoc. editor Barbara Lawatsch-Boomgaarden, Austrian History Yearbook, vol. XXIX, 1998, Part 2,

(Experts write on archival collections in: Bosnia and Hercegovina, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Ukraine and Yugoslavia; there are some maps, see Note on Cartography, pp. 1-10).

(ii) Czech Archives in U.S.

Czech Heritage Collection, Love Library, University of Nebraska-Lincoln.

(iii) Polish Archives in USA, Canada, Poland.

See website for the Polish Institute of Arts and Sciences, above.

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Part I. History from 1500 to 1914.

1.Surveys of all of Eastern Europe: Late Medieval and Early Modern E. Central Europe to c. 1700.

Daniel Chirot, ed., The Origins of Backwardness in Eastern Europe, Berkeley, 1989.

(D.Chirot, b. France 1932, educated in U.S., was at the time of publication professor of International Studies and of Sociology at the University of Washington, Seattle, WA., and the editor of the journal East European Politics and Societies, published by the University of California Press. The contributors to this book are:: D.Chirot, Robert Brewer, Jacek Kochanowicz, Fikret Adamir, John R. Lampe and Gale Stokes).

Jean Sedlar, East Central Europe in the Middle Ages, 1000-1500, Univ. of Washington Press, Seattle and London, 1994.

(Sedlar, b. 1935, is professor of History at the University of Pittsburgh, Johnstown, PA. This is an excellent thematic coverage of the whole of Eastern Europe)..

2. Medieval and Early Modern East Central Europe

General

K. Bosl, A.. Gieysztor, F. Graus, M. M. Postan, F. Seibt, Eastern and Western Europe in the Middle Ages, edited with an introduction by Geoffrey Barraclough,London, 1970.

(Geoffrey Barraclough, 1908-1984, was a British historian of medieval Germany, who taught for several years at the University of Liverpool and later worked in the Royal Institute of International Affairs, London.. Chapters by German, Polish, Czech and British experts showing the political, cultural and economic links between E.C. Europe and W. Europe, thus following in the steps of Oskar Halecki’s The Limits and Divisions of European History..)

Norman Davies, Europe. A History, Oxford, 1996.

(N. Davies, b. 1940 of Welsh parents in Lancashire, has specialized in Polish history, see his: God’s Playground. A History of Poland, 2 vols. New York, 1982, rev. ed. 2003. He was then the chairperson of the Dept. of History, School of Slavonic and East European Studies, London, and a fellow of St.Anthony’s College, Oxford. His Europe. A History, is the first, comprehensive survey of all of European history that includes Eastern Europe in each major period).

Oskar Halecki, The Limits and Divisions of European History, London, 1951.

(O. Halecki, 1891-1973, was a prominent Polish historian of Jagiellonian Poland. He was one of the founders of the Polish Institute of Arts and Sciences of America in 1941-42 and taught East European history at Fordham University, 1941-61. This is a pioneering work firmly placing East Central Europe in the mainstream of European history).

Antoni Maczak, Henryk Samsonowicz, Peter Burke, eds., East Central Europe in Transition from the Fourteenth to the Seventeenth Century, Cambridge, Eng., 1985. Both historians taught at the University of Warsaw.

(Maczak, b. 1928 is a specialist on early modern East Central Europe; Samsonowicz, b. 1930, is a leading Polish medievalist).

Special Topics.

A. R. Myers, Parliaments and Estates in Europe to 1789, London, New York, 1975 . (Includes East Central Europe.

(Alfred Reginald Myers, 1912-1980, was professor of medieval-early modern English history at the University of Liverpool, England from 1950 to retirement. He authored several books on English history and one medieval European parliaments.)

Orest Subtelny, Domination of Eastern Europe: Native Nobilities and Foreign Absolutism, 1500-1715, Montreal, 1986.

(Subtelny was then a professor of History and Political Science at York University, Toronto. He has published several books on Ukrainian history).

"Women and Power in East Central Europe.” East Central Europe, vols. 20-23, 1993-1996 (Articles on medieval and modern women of Bohemia, Hungary, and Poland).

Larry Wolff, Inventing Eastern Europe. The Map of Civilization on the Mind of the Englightenment, Stanford, CA., 1994.

(The author teaches history at Boston College. This is a fascinating account of French views of Eastern Europe in the 18^th century, pointing out that the writers invented the name as well as the negative image of the region. Wolff, who teaches at Boston College, has also published a book on Vatican-Polish relations during the Partition period, see under Partitioned Poland).

a. Medieval Poland.

General Surveys:

Aleksander Gieysztor, “Medieval Poland,” in same, ed., History of Poland, 2^nd ed., Warsaw, 1979, ch. 1-VI (pp. 23-137.

(Gieysztor, 1916-1999, born in Moscow and educated in Poland, fought in the September 1939 campaign, was active in the Polish Underground 1939-45, and studied for his Ph.D. in underground seminars. He was a prominent historian of medieval Poland and medieval Europe, as well as the leading force in restoring the Royal Castle, Warsaw, of which he was the Curator for many years. He was highly respected by medievists in the West as well as by Polish communist regimes, their opponents, and post-communist Polish governments).

Norman Davies, God’s Playground. A History of Poland. Vol. I. Origins to 1795, New York, 1982, 2003, ch. 1-4, pp. 3-114.

(By the leading British historian of Poland).

Knoll, Paul W. Rise of the Polish Monarchy; Piast Poland in East Central Europe, 1320-1370, Chicago, 1972.

(This is the best English language book on the subject .Knoll retired from the University of California in 2007).

Jerzy Lukowski and Hubert Zawadzki, A Concise History of Poland, Cambridge, England, 2001, ch. 1.

Lukawski is the author of Liberty's Folly. The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the Eighteenth Century, (1991) and The Partitions of Poland , 1772, 1793, 1795, (1999); he teaches at the University of Birmingham; Zawadzki is the author of A Man of Honor: Adam Czartoryski as a Statesman of Russia and Poland 1795-1831,(1993); he teaches history at Abingdon School.

Daniel Stone, The Polish-Lithuanian State, 1386-1795, Seattle, WA, 2001

V. good survey which devotes attention not only to the Poles but also to other peoples of the Commonwealth. Ch 1 covers the period 1386-1572.

Special topics.

Medieval Poland:Church and Religion.

Jerzy Braun, compiler and ed., Poland in Christian Civilization, London, 1985.

(Braun, 1901-1975, was a philosopher, historian, historian of philosophy and a politician. These are contributions written for the Millennium of Christianity in Poland, 1966, but published almost 20 years later for lack of funds in 1966).

Daniel S. Buczek, "Church, State and Holy See in Medieval Poland," Polish Review, v. 2, no. 3, 1966, pp. 62-66.

(Buczek is a Polish-American historian of Poland).

P. David, "The Church in Poland to 1250," Cambridge History of Poland, Cambridge, 1950, v. I, pp. 60-84.

( a good, older survey).

Tadeusz Grudzinski, Boleslas the Bold, Called also the Bountiful, and the Bishop Stanislas: The Story of a Conflict, Warsaw, 1985.

(A Polish version of English King Henry II -- 1154-1189-- and the murder of Thomas a Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury. Grudzinski, b. 1924, is a prominent Polish medievalist).

Oscar Halecki, Sacrum Poloniae Milennium, Rome, 1966.

(On the millenium of Poland’s conversion to Christianity from Rome by an eminent Polish historian).

Jerzy Kloczowski, "The Thousand Year Long History of Christianity in Poland," in: Nation - Church - Culture. Essays in Polish History, University Handbook Series no. 2, Catholic University of Lublin, 1990, pp.239-254.

same, History of Polish Christianity, Cambridge, England, 2000.

(Kloczowski, b.1924, a veteran of the Polish Home Army who lost an arm in the Warsaw Uprising of 1944, is the leading Polish historian of the Roman Catholic Church and other churches in Poland).

Medieval Polish Culture

Bronislaw Geremek, "Poland in the Cultural Geography of Medieval Europe," in: Jacek Fedorowicz et al, eds., A Republic of Nobles. Studies in Polish History to 1864, Cambridge, Eng., New York, 1982, pp. 10-27.

(Geremek 1932-2008, was a prominent historian of medieval Poland and East Central Europe. He was a leading dissident in the period 1968-89, then a minister in post-1989 Polish governments. Fedorowicz was then a professor of history at the University of Western Ontario, Canada).

Medieval Poland:Economy

Piotr Gorecki, Economy, Society, and Lordship in Medieval Poland, 1100-1250 New York, London, 1992.

(Gorecki, b.1955 in Poland and educated in the U.S., is an American historian of medieval Poland; he was then teaching at the University of California at Riverside, CA).

Richard C. Hoffmann, Land, Liberties and Lordship in a Late Medieval Countryside: Agrarian Structures and Change in the Duchy of Wroclaw, Philadelphia, 1989

(The author, b. 1943, then taught in Canada and Wroclaw, formerly Breslau).

Henryk Lowmianski, "Economic Problems of the Early Feudal Polish State," Acta Poloniae Historica, v. 3, 1960, pp. 7-32.

(Lowmianski, 1898-1984, was a prominent Polish medievalist).

Medieval Poland: Feudalism

Oswald P. Backus, Oscar Halecki, Joseph Jakstas and Andrzej Kaminski, "The Problem of Feudalism in Lithuania," Slavic Review, v. 21, 1962. no. 3. Discussion.

(O.P. Backus, 1922-1972, was an American historian of medieval Russia, Poland, and Lithuania, on which he published articles and books. He taught at the University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS., from the early 1950s until his death and was the moving force in establishing the Center for Russian and Slavic Studies, now the Center for Russian, East European and Eurasian Studies at that University; A.Kaminski, a historian of early modern Poland and Eastern Europe teaches at Georgetown University, Washington, D.C).

Tadeusz Manteuffel, "On Polish Feudalism, " Medievalia et Humanistica, fasc. 16, 1964, pp. 94-104.

(Manteuffel, 1902-1970, born in Latvia, was a member of the Livland family of Manteuffel-Szoege. He lost a hand in the Polish-Soviet War, 1920, studied medieval history in Poland, France and Italy and taught at Warsaw University, becoming a known medievalist before 1939. During the Second World War, he organized underground history seminars in German-occupied Poland. After the war, he organized the History Institute, Warsaw University, participated in creating the Polish Academy of Sciences, and was for several years the director of the Institute of History, Polish Academy of Sciences.)

P. Skwarczynski, "The Problem of Feudalism in Poland up to the Beginning of the Sixteenth Century, " Slavonic and East Eu-ropean Review, v. 34, 1956, pp. 292-310.

(Skwarczynski taught at Lublin University before 1939; this is an older study)

Germans and German colonization in Medieval Poland.

H. Aubin and J. Rutkowski, "The Lands East of the Elbe and German Colonization Eastwards: Poland, Lithuania, Hungary, " in: "Medieval Agrarian Society in its Prime," Cambridge Economic History of Europe, v. I, Cambridge, Eng., 1966, ch. 7, pp. 449-506.

(Jozef Rutkowski, b. 1922, is a Polish economist).

Marian Biskup, "The Role of the Order and State of the Teutonic Knights in the History of Poland, " Polish Western Affairs, Poznan, 1966, no. 2, pp. 337-365.

( Biskup, b.1922, is a specialist on the medieval history of Pomerania - East Prussia) .

Sir Geoffrey Evans, Tannenberg, 1410-1914, London, 1970

(On the defeat of the Teutonic Knights by the combined Polish-Lithuanian armies in 1410, and the German defeat of a Russian army in 1914. G. Evans is an eminent British historian of Germany who then taught at Cambridge University, England).

Karol Gorski, "The Teutonic Order in Prussia," Medievalia et Humanistica, 1966, v. 17, pp. 20-37.

(K. Gorski, 1905-1988, was born in Odessa and educated in Poland. He specialized in the history of the Teutonic Order and East Prussia).

M .Z. Jedlicki, "German Settlement in Poland and the Rise of the Teutonic Order," Cambridge History of Poland, v. I., ch. 7, pp. 125-147.

(M.Z. Jedlicki, 1899-1954, was a historian of the medieval state and law. He edited Thietmar’s Chronicle, published 1953).

Stanislaw Fr. Zajaczkowski, The Rise and Fall of the Teutonic Order in Prussia, Torun, 1935. (Zajaczkowski, 1890-1977, was born in Lwow/L’viv/ Lvov/ Lemberg/Leopol. He specialized in the history of Lithuania and Polish-Teutonic Order relations. This is a brief account published in a series of historical pamphlets to present the Polish historical viewto counter the prevailing German view of this history in English-speaking countries in the 1930s).

Medieval Polish Nobles

Aleksander Gasiorowski, The Polish Nobility in the Middle Ages, Ossolineum, Wroclaw, 1984.

The Early and Medieval Polish State

Witold Hensel, The Beginnings of the Polish State, Warsaw, 1960.

(Hensel, b.1917, was a prominent Polish archeologist and historian of antiquity).

Pawel Jasienica, Piast Poland, trans. Alexander Jordan, New York, 1985.

(Jasienica - real name: Leon Lech Beynar - 1909-1970, was born in Simbirsk, lived in Russia and Ukraine until the family returned to Poland in 1920. He fought in 1939-44 against the Germans and in 1944-46 against the NKVD, Red Army, and Polish Communist armed forces. Later, he was a political dissident and suffered persecution. This is one of his very popular historical studies; for others, see below).

Paul W. Knoll, The Rise of the Polish Monarchy in East Central Europe, 1320-1370, Chicago, 1972.

(By a Polish-American historian of medieval Poland who taught at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles).

Tadeusz Manteuffel, The Formation of the Polish State. The Period of Ducal Rule, 963-1194, trans. Andrew Gorski, Detroit, 1982.

Zygmunt Wojciechowski, Mieszko I and the Rise of the Polish State, Torun, 1936. (Wojciechowski, 1900-1956, was a historian of the state and law in medieval Poland).

Medieval Polish Towns

Jan Ptasnik, "Towns in Medieval Poland, " in: Mieczyslaw Giergielewicz and Ludwik Krzyzanowski, eds., Polish Civilization. Essays and Studies, New York, 1979, pp. 68-88

(Ludwik Krzyzanowski taught Polish literature at the Univ. of Columbia, New York, and was a longtime editor of the Polish Review, published by the Polish Intitute of Arts and Letters in America. See also later edition of same book. Ptasnik, 1876-1930, was a historian of Polish culture and towns in the pre-Partition period).

Jews in Medieval Poland.

Antony Polonsky, Jakub Basista and Andrzej Link-Lenczowski., eds., The Jews of Old Poland, 1,000-1795, London, New York, 1993.

(Polonsky, born in S. Africa is a historian of Polish Jews and Poland; he holds the chair of Jewish Studies at Brandeis University. He edits the excellent series Polin, on the history of Jews in Poland).

Bernard Dov Weinryb, The Jews of Poland; a Social and Economic history of the Jewish Community in Poland from 1100 to 1800, Philadelphia, PA..,1973.

(Weinryb, b. Poland, 1905, studied at Teachers’ Institute and University of Breslau, Ph.D; taught in U.S; specialist in Jewish history in Russia and Eastern Europe).

B. Jagiellonian Poland: Renaissance, Reformation, and Poland in the First Half of the 16th Century.

(i) General Surveys.

Norman Davies, God’s Playground. A History of Poland. Vol.I., Origins to 1795, New York, 1982, 2002, ch. 10 (Reformation).

Daniel Stone, The Polish-Lithuanian Commonweath 1386-1795, Seattle, WA, 2001.

Al. Gieysztor et al, History of Poland, see: "The Commonwealth of the Gentry, J.Tazbir, ch. VII, Poland's Golden Age (1492-1586) pp. 145-179.

( J.Tazbir, b. 1927, is the leading Polish historian of the period).

Pawel Jasienica, Jagiellonian Poland, (1386-1648) trans. by Alexander Jordan, New York, 1987.

Pawel Jasienica, The Commonwealth in the Silver Age (1572-1648), trans. by Alexander Jordan, New York, 1987.

Adam Zamoyski, The Polish Way. A Thousand-Year History of the Poles and Their Culture, London, 1987, New York, 1993 - ch. 4-7, pp. 46-125.

(A. Zamoyski b. New York, 1949, is a British- educated historian of Polish descent. He has published several books on Polish history and lives in England).

(ii) Special Topics.

Jagiellonian Poland:Agrarian Economy.

L. Zytkowicz, "The Peasant's Farm and the Landlord's Farm in Poland from the 16th to the Middle of the 18th century," The Journal of Economic History, v. 1, no. 1, 1972.

(Leonid Zytkowicz, b. 1910, a specialist in early modern Polish economic history, taught at the Stefan Batory University, Wilno/Vilnius/Vilna up to 1939, then in Torun and Warsaw, where he worked in the History Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences).

Jagiellonian Poland:Arts and Society

Samuel Fiszman, ed., The Polish Renaissance in its European Context, Bloomington, IN., 1988.

(This is the most comprehensive volume in English with contributions by experts in various fields. Prof. Fiszman, 1914-1999, born in Radom, Poland, was a historian of Polish literature and education in Warsaw Poland 1958-69. He was a specialist on the great Polish poet Adam Mickiewicz and taught at Indiana University, Bloomington, IN., 1970-85 . He also edited an excellent volume on the Polish Constitution of May 3, 1791, published a few years later by Indiana Univ. Press.)

Andrzej Wyrobisz, "The Arts and Social Prestige in Poland between the Sixteenth and Eighteenth Centuries," in J.K. Fedorowicz, ed., A Republic of Nobles.Sudies in Polish History to 1864, Cambridge, England, 1982. ch. 8, pp. 153-178.

(Wyrobisz, a specialist in the period, taught in the History Institute, Warsaw University; Fedorowicz was then professor of history at the University of Western Ontario, Canada).

Jagiellonian Poland Religion and Religious Toleration.

Oscar Halecki, From Florence to Brest (1439-1596), 2nd ed., reprint, Archon Books, 1968

(On the establishment of the Uniate or Ukrainian Church, sometimes called the Greek-Catholic Church, in 1596, by a prominent Polish authority on the subject).

Jerzy Kloczowski, History of Polish Christianity, Cambridge, England. 2000

(Jerzy Kloczowski, b. 1924, a veteran of the Warsaw Uprising of 1944, has published works on the history of religion in old Poland and is the head of the Institute on Eastern Europe at the Catholic University of Lublin.)

Stanislaw Kot, Socinianism in Poland, trans. Earl Morse Wilbur, Boston, 1957.

(Stanislaw Kot, 1885-1975, was a historian of P. culture and education, also a politician. As a leading member of the Polish Peasant Party, he was a close collaborator of General W. Sikorski, head of the Polish government and army in exile, 1939-43, and was Polish ambassador in the USSR 1941-42. He published a great number of books and articles on Polish history, also his letters from the USSR to General Sikorski; on Socinians, see also P.Wilczek below.)

Janusz Tazbir, A State Without Stakes. Polish Religious Toleration in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries, New York, 1973.

(Tazbir, b. 1927, member and erstwhile director of the History Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, is the leading historian of Poland in the 16-17th centuries).

Same, "The Fate of Polish Protestantism in the Seventeenth Century," A Republic of Nobles, ch. 10, pp. 198-217.

Piotr Wilczek, “Catholics and Heretics. Some Aspects of Religious Debates in the Old Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth,” The Sarmatian Review, vol. XIX, no. 2, April 1999, pp.619-628

(V. good article based on the author’s research at the University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland, 1995-96, also London and Rice University, TX. He points out that there was no religious pamphleteering in Europe which could be compared with what took place in the P-L Commonwealth in 1560-1660. In spring 1999 Wilczek was teaching at the University of Silesia. The Sarmatian Review is a quarterly edited by Prof. Ewa Thompson, U. of Texas, Houston, TX., who is a specialist in Polish literature).

Jagiellonian Poland to 1569:The Sciences.

Maria Bogucka, Nicolaus Copernicus. The Country and Times, Wroclaw, 1973.

(The author is a prominent historian of the period and editor of the Eng. lang. periodical Acta Polonia Historica..)

The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth,1569 - 1795

General.

Oswald P. Backus et al., "The Problem of Unity in the Polish-Lithuanian State" (Discussion), Slavic Review, v. 22, 1963, pp. 411 ff.

Richard Butterwick, ed., The Polish-Lithuanian Monarchy in European Context, c. 1500-1795, New York, 2001.

(Studies of various aspects of the P-L monarchy by experts. Butterwick, a British historian, is the author of a book on Stanislas Augustus here, he contributed a chapter on the last King of Poland.).

Daniel Stone, The Polish-Llithuanian State, 1386-1795, Seattle, WA, 2001.

(Excellent survey with attention to all the peoples of the P-L Commonwealth. Stone teaches at the Univ. of Winnipeg, Canada. The book was awarded the Polish Institute of Arts and Sciences of America [PIASA]Oskar Halecki Prize.)

Timothy Snyder, The Reconstruction of Nations: Poland, Ukraine, Lithuania and Belarus, 1569-1999, New Haven, 2003.

(Snyder teaches East European History at Yale University. This book, awarded the AHA George Louis Beer prize in 2003 and the PIASA history prize in 2004, traces the emergence and development of the West Ukrainians, the Lithuanians and Belarus nations from their original matrix, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth to 1999.. He has also published a biography of the Polish Marxist, Kazimierz-Kelles Krauz (1872-1905).and other books on Polish and East Central European history. )

Special Topics.

Jews in old Poland.

(See Jews in Medieval Poland).

Magda Teter, Jews and Heretics in Catholic Poland: A Beleaguered Church in the Post-Reformation Era, New York, NY, 2006; see review by Barbara Skinner in Slavic Review, vol. 66, no. 4, winter 2007, pp. 732-733.

Gershon David Hundert, Jews in Old Poland and Lithuania in the Eighteenth Century, Los Angeles, 2004.

(Excellent social-economic study of Jewish communities all over old Poland, but mostly in the east, awarded PIASA history prize, 2005.)

Polish Parliaments, 16 & 17^th centuries.

Wladyslaw Czaplinski, ed., The Polish Parliament at the Summit of its Development (16th-17th Centuries), Polish Historical Library no. 6, Wroclaw, 1985

(This is an excellent study; note especially the author’s chapter on "The Principle of Unanimity in the Polish Parliament," pp. 111-119).

Karol Gorski, "The Origins of the Polish Sejm," Slavonic and East European Review, v. 4, 1966, pp. 122-138..

Jacek Jedruch, Constitutions, Elections and Legislatures of Poland, 1493-1977, University Press of America, 1982, ch. I, II, pp. 17-176. Revised ed. 1998.

(Jedruch, b.1927 in Poland, d. Greece,1995. was a nuclear engineer; in the U.S. since 1951. History was his avocation).

Poland-Lithuania:Political structure, political thought and power, 16^th & 17^th centuries.

Almut Bues, "The Formation of the Polish-Lithuanian Monarchy in the Sixteenth Century," ch. 3 in Butterworth, ed., The Polish-Lithuanian Monarchy in European Context, c. 1500-1795, New York, 2001.

(A look at the Lithuanian part of the monarchy by a contemporary Lithuanian scholar.)

Harry E. Dembkowski, The Union of Lublin. Polish Federalism in the Golden Age, East. European Monographis no. CXVI (116), Boulder, Co., 1982.

(Dembkowski is a Polish-American historian. )

Robert I. Frost, "Obsequious Disrespect: the Problem of Royal Power in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth under the Vasas, 1587-1886," ch. 5 in Richard Butterwick, ed., The Polish-Litiuanian Commonwealth in European Context, c. 1500-1795, New York , 2001.

(Frost, a British scholar, has published on East European military history.)

Andrzej Sulima Kaminski, The Szlachta of the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth and their Government, in: Ivo Banac and Paul Buskhkovich eds., The Nobility in Russia and Eastern Europe, New Haven, 1983, pp.17-47.

Same, Republic vs. Autocracy: Poland-Lithuania and Russia, 1686-1697, Cambridge, Mass, 1993.

(Kaminski is an American historian of Polish origin specializing in Early Modern Poland and East Central Europe, who teaches at Georgetown University, Washington, D.C.).

Jerzy Lukowski, "The Szlachta and the Monarchy: Reflections on the Struggle inter maiestatum ac libertatem," ch. 7 in Butterwick, ed., The Polish-Lithuanian Monarchy in European Context, c. 1500-1795, New York, 2001.

(Lukowski is a British historian of Poland.)

Antoni Maczak, "The Structure of Power in the Commonwealth of the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries, " in: Jacek Fedorowicz, A Republic of Nobles, ch. 6, pp. 109-134.

(By a Polishspecialist on the period. )

Same: " Unique and Incomparable? The Polish Commonwealth in 16th-17th century Europe," in: Maria Bogucka, ed., Society and Culture. Poland in Europe, Warsaw, 1995.

James Miller, "The Sixteenth Century Roots of the Polish Democratic Tradition," in: M.B. Biskupski & James s. Pula eds., Polish Democratic Thought from the Renaissance to the Great Emigration: Essays and Documents, East European Monographs no. 289, Boulder CO., and New York, 1990, pp.11-28 .

(An interesting essay. Miller was then an editor at D.C. Heath & Co. Biskupski is a Polish-American specialist in 20^th century Polish history who taught at St. John Fisher College, Rochester, and now holds the chair of Polish and Polish-American History at the Central State University of Connecticut,New Britain, Ct;. Pula is a Polish-American historian, author of a 1999 biography of Thaddeus Kosciuszko.)

Edward Opalinski, "Great Poland's Power Elite under Sigismund III, 1587-1632. Defining the Elite," Acta Poloniae Historica, v. XLIII, 1980, pp. 41-66.

Henryk Samsonowicz, "Polish Politics and Society under the Jagiellonian Monarchy," A Republic of Nobles, ch. 3, pp. 28-48..

(By a prominent P.medievalist.)

Harold B. Segal, ed., Political Thought in Renaissance Poland: An Anthology in English, PIASA Books, New York, 2nd printing, 2003.

An excellent selection of works by Polish politcal thinkers of the Renaissance by an authority on Polish literature.

Andrzej Wyczanski, "The Problem of Authority in Sixteenth-Century Poland: An Essay in Reinterpretation," A Republic of Nobles, ch. 5, pp. 91-108.

(Wyczanski, b. 1924, is an authority on 16th-17th century Poland .)

Polish Towns and Trade, 16^th & 17^th centuries.

Maria Bogucka, "Polish Towns between the Sixteenth and Eighteenth Centuries, " in: J. Fedorowicz et al., A Republic of Nobles, ch. 7, pp. 135-152.

(Same, "Amsterdam and the Baltic in the First Half of the Seventeenth Century," Economic History Review, v. 26, no. 3 1973, pp. 433-447.)

S. Hoszowski, "The Polish Baltic Trade in the 15-18th Centuries," Poland at the XI International Congress of Historical Sciences in Stockholm, Warsaw, 1960, pp. 117-154.

(Hoszowski, 1904-1987, was an economic historian.)

Antoni Maczak, "The Balance of Polish Sea Trade with the West, 1565-1646," Scandinavian Economic History Review, v. 18, 1970, pp. 107-125.

M. Malowist, "Poland, Russia, and Western Trade in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries, " Past and Present, no. 13, 1958, pp. 26-42, and Rejoinder, ibid., no. 37, 1967, pp. 157-162.

(Malowist, 1909-1988, was an economic historian of early modern East Central Europe and Scandinavia).

Jerzy Topolski, "Sixteenth Century Poland and the Turning Point in European Economic Development," A Republic of Nobles, ch. 4, pp. 90-90.

(Topolski, 1928-1998, taught at the Adam Mickiewicz University Poznan; he also wrote on the theory and methodology of History.)

Henryk Zins, England and the Baltic in the Elizabethan Era, trans. H.C. Stevens,Manchester, 1972.

(Zins taught at Lodz University ; he published 10 books in Poland and later settled in the West..

Polish Royal Prussia, 15^th century and later.

(Royal Prussia was Polish Pomerania, under Polish sovereignty until 1772; Ducal Prussia was East Prussia, under Polish sovereignty 1526-1660).

Karin Friedrich, Nobles, Burghers and the Monarchy in Poland-Lithuanian: the Case of Royal Prussia, 1454-1772/93, in: Richard Butterwick, ed., The Polish-Lithuanian Monarchy in European Context, c. 1500-1795, New York, 2001, pp. 93-116.

Same, The other Prussia : royal Prussia, Poland and liberty, 1569-1772, Cambridge, England, New York, 2000.

( awarded the AAASS Orbis Prize in 2001.)

Karol Gorski , "The Royal Prussian Estates in the Second Half of the XV Century and their Relation to the Crown of Poland, " Acta Poloniae Historica, v. 10, 1964, pp. 49-44.

(Gorski was a specialist on the subject.)

Poland: Wars,16^th & 17^th centuries.

Wieslaw Majewski, "The Polish Art of War in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries, A Republic Of Nobles, ch. 9, pp. 179-197

(Majewski was then a member of the Wojskowy Instytut Historyczny - Military History Institute - Warsaw; see also the English historian Robert Frost on same subject, in papers of the 50th anniversary congress of the Polish Institute of Arts and Sciences in America, 1992, East European Monographs, Boulder CO., and New York 1994).

C. Medieval and Early Modern Bohemia

Charles IV. Holy Roman Emperor, 1316-1378,

(Autobiography edited by Balazs Nagy, translated by Paul W. Knoll and Frank Schaer, Introduction by Ferdinand Seibt, Budapest, 2001. B. Nagy teaches in the Department of Medieval Studies, Central European University, Budapest; Paul W. Knoll recently retired from the University of Southern California; Frank Schaer teaches at the Central European University, Budapest.)

Reginald R. Betts, Essays in Czech History, London, 1969.

(Betts was a British historian specializing in Czech history; these essays are mostly on medieval Czech history but the last essay analyzes Thomas G. Masaryk’s philosophy of history.)

Peter Brock, The Political and Social Doctrines of the Unity of Czech Brethren in the Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth Centuries, Hague, 1957.

(Peter de Beauvoir Brock, b.Guernsey, Channel Islands, 1920, d. Toronto 2005. He studied in Britain and Poland; was a specialist in the early modern and modern history of East Central Europe, also the history of Pacifism. He taught at Columbia Univ. New York and Toronto University.)

Kenneth J.Dillon, King and Estates in the Bohemian Lands, 1526-1564, Brussels, 1976.

(The book also covers the period up to the outbreak of the Thirty Years’ War, 1618. and has a bibliography.)

Frederick G. Heymann, George of Bohemia and the Heretics, Princeton, N.J., 1965

(George of Podebrady, Bohemia, 1458-71, was known as the "Hussite King." Heymann, b. Berlin 1924, taught in Prague, then the. Institute of Advanced Studies Princeton, N.J., and University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. He was a historian of medieval and early modern East Central Europe, especially, the Czech lands. See also O.Odlozilik book.).

Frederick G. Heymann, John Zizka and the Hussite Revolution, Princeton, N.J., 1955.

(Zizka, c. 1360-1412 was the greatest Hussite military leader. He served many years in the Polish army and fought in it at the Battle of Grunwald, July 14, 1410, when the Poles and Lithuanians defeated the Teutonic Knights).

Howard Kaminsky, A History of the Hussite Revolution, Berkeley CA and Los Angeles, 1967.

(A very detailed history. Kaminsky, b. New York, 1924, is a historian of religion in medieval W.Europe.)

Same, “The Religion of Hussite Tabor,”in: Miroslav Rechcigl, ed., The Czechoslovak Contributions to World Culture, The Hague and London, 1964, pp. 210-223.

John Martin Klassen, “The Nobility and the Making of the Hussite Revolution,” East European Monographs, Boulder, Co., and New York, 1978

(Klassen, b. Winnipeg, Canada, 1939, was then teaching at Trinity Western College, Canada. He drew attention in this collection of essays to the important role of the Bohemian nobles who supported the Hussites at the beginning of the wars, thus pointing out the fallacy of the traditional interpretation of the Hussites as a “democratic” movement.)

(On the great King George of Podebrady - see book by F. G. Heymann above. Odlozilik, b.1899, was a great Czech historian of the period.)

Same, The Caroline University, 1348-1948, Prague, 1948.

(On the 500^th anniversary of the Charles IV University).

Same: Jan Amos Komensky (Comenius), In commemoration of the 350^th anniversary of Comenius birthday, Chicago, 1942.

(On the great Czech theologian and educator, 1592-1670, who fled Bohemia for Poland, Sweden, then Amsterdam, Holland).

Joseph V. Polisensky, The Thirty Years War, trans. Robert Evans, London, 1971, 1974.

(J.V. Polisensky, b.1915, was a prominent Czech historian of this period.).

Matthew Spinka, John Hus. A Biography, Princeton, N.J., 1968.

(M. Spinka, 1890-1972, was a Czech historian of religion).

Same, John Hus’s Concept of the Church, Princeton, N.J., 1966.

(Includes information on some of Hus’s major opponents).

Alfred Thomas, Anne’s Bohemia. Czech Literature and Society, 1310-1420, Minneapolis, MN., c. 1998.

(A.Thomas then taught in the Dept. of Slavic Languages and Literatures, Harvard University).

Jarold Knox Zeman, The Anabaptists and the Czech Brethren in Moravia 1526-1628: a Study of Origins and Contacts, The Hague, 1969.

(A major contribution to Czech religious history. J. K. Zeman, b. Czechoslovakia, 1926, is a specialist in religious history.).

D. Medieval and Early Modern Hungary.

Hungary: General

C.A. Macartney, Hungary. A Short History, Edinburgh, 1962

(C.A.Macartney, 1895-1978, was the leading British historian of Hungary. This is a short, popular, history; on the Middle Ages, see ch. 1-4).

Peter F. Sugar, et al. eds., A History of Hungary, Bloomington, Ind., 1990, ch. 1- IX, pp. 1-135.

(Sugar, 1919-1999, b. in Hungary, taught for many years at the University of Washington, Seattle, WA. He was a prominent American historian of Hungary and the Balkans. The book consists of period studies written by specialists.)

Special Periods and Topics.

Medieval Hungary.

Antal Bartha, Hungarian Society in the 9th and 10th Centuries, trans. by K. Balazs,Budapest, 1975.

(Expert study of 9^th century East European nomadic societies and their impact on Magyar tribes.)

C.A. Macartney, The Magyars of the IXth Century, Cambridge, 1930.

(Study of the century in which the Magyars established their state by a British historian of Hungary).

Andras Rona-Tas. Hungarians and Europe in the Early Middle Ages. An Introduction to Hungarian History, Budapest, 1998.

(Rona-Tas was then professor of Altaic Studies and Early Hungarian History at Jozsef Attila University, Szeged, Hungary).

Early Modern Hungary.

Janos M. Bak, Bela K. Kiraly, Gunther Rothenberg, and Peter F.Sugar eds. eds., From Hunyadi to Rakoczi: War and Society in Medieval and Early Modern Hungary, in: East Central European Society and War in the Pre-revolutionary Eighteenth Century, War and Society in East Central Europe, vol. II., Atlantic Studies...Brooklyn College, 1982 Brooklyn, N.Y., 1982.

(Bak, b. Budapest, Hungary, 1929,was a Canadian historian of medieval East Central Europe, professor emeritus of the University of British Columbia, Vancouver. B. Kiraly, b. Kaposvar, Hungary, 1912, was the garrison commander in Budapest during the Hungarian revolution of October-November 1956 and fought on the side of the rebels. He became an American historian of Hungary, also editor and co-editor of a very useful series of studies on War and Society in East Central Europe)

Ferenc Szakaly, "The Mohacs Disaster," New Hungarian Quarterly, Spring 1977 (pp. 43-63 - summary of the author's Hungarian language monograph on same).

3. Poland: Decline and Partitions, 17^th and 18^th Centuries .

Surveys, Poland in 17 & 18^th centuries.

See Al. Gieysztor et al, eds, History of Poland, 2nd ed., 1979: J. Tazbir, ch. VIII, IX on the period 1586-1696, pp. 180-233; E. Rostworowski, ch. X-XIII on 1697-1794, pp. 234-334.

(Emanuel M. Rostworowski, 1923-1989,was a specialist on the 18^th century. Besides publishing several books and many articles, he edited 22 volumes of the Polski Slownik Biograficzny - Polish Biographical Dictionary - in the years 1964-89; Tazbir is a prominent historian of 16-17th century Poland.)

Richard Butterwick, "The Enlightened Monarchy of Stanislaw August Poniatowski (1764-1796), ch. 10 in R.Butterwick, The Polish-Lithuanian Monarchy in European Context, c. 1500-1795, New York, 2001.

Peripheries of the Enlightenment / edited by Richard Butterwick, Simon Davies and Gabriel Sánchez Espinosa, Oxford, 2008.

(Butterwick is a British historian of the Enlightenment.)

Norman Davies, God's Playground. A History of Poland, vol. I. Origins to 1795, New York, 1982, 2002,- ch. 10, 14 -18.

(By the leading British historian of Poland).

Daniel Stone, The Polish-Lithuanian State, 1386-1795, Pt. II. The Vasa Period.

Adam Zamoyski, The Polish Way. A Thousand Year History of the Poles and their Culture, London, 1987.

(A. Zamoyski was born in New York of Polish parents, studied in Oxford, England and lives in London. This is a lively, illustrated, history of Poland, mostly on the period up to 1795, very good on Poland before 1772, then on the First Partition, on the reforms of 1772-91, and the role of King Stanislas Augustus Poniatowski, see his book on the King below, but sketchy after 1795).

Special Studies.

Polish Economy, 16-18th centuries.

Jerzy Topolski, "Economic Decline in Poland from the Sixteenth to the Eighteenth Centuries," in: Essays in Economic History, ed. P. Earle, Oxford, 1974,

(The late J. Topolski published works on historical theory, methodology and Polish history. He taught at the Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland).

Jan III Sobieski

Norman Davies, Sobieski's Legacy: Polish History 1683-1983. A Lecture, London, 1985

(A Study in English and Polish on King Jan III, Sobieski, 1629-1696, ruled 1674-96. The booklet includes selected, translated letters from Sobieski to his beloved French wife, Marie Casimire d'Arquien, whom he called "Marysienka." In 1683, he led a Polish army which played the decisive role in saving Vienna from the Turks.)

Poland:International Relations, 17^th & 18^th centuries.

Jozef Andrzej Gierowski, "The International Position of Poland in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries," A Republic of Nobles, ch. 11, pp. 218-238.

(J.A.Gierowski, b.1922- 2007, published over 300 works on modern Polish history, and a history of Italy.)

Zbigniew Wojcik, "Russian Endeavors for the Polish Crown in the Seventeenth Century," Slavic Review, v. 41, no. 1., 1982, pp. 59-72.

(Z.Wojcik, b.1922, was the leading Polish specialist on the era of Jan III Sobieski.)

The Jews in Pre-Partition Poland.

Chimen Abramsky et al eds. , The Jews in Poland, Oxford, 1986

(Conference papers by Polish and Jewish scholars on various periods of Polish history, see relevant chapters; Abramsky b.1916, Minsk, Belarus, was a British historian).

Israel Bartal, The Jews of Eastern Europe, 1772-1881, Philadelphia, PA, 2005;

( See review by Theodore R. Weeks in The American Historical Review, vol. 112, no. 4, October 2007, pp. 1277-1278.

Hundert, Gershon David, Jews in Poland and Lithuania in the Eighteenth Century, Berkeley, Los Angeles, 2004.

(Excellent social-economic study of Jewish communities in old Poland; awarded PIASA history prize, 2005.)

Isaac Lewin, "The Protection of Jewish Religious Rights by Royal Edicts in Pre-Partition Poland," in: Mieczyslaw Giergielewicz and Ludwik Krzyzanowski, Polish Civilization. Essays and Studies, New York, 1979, pp. 115-135.

(I. Lewin is an American scholar of Polish origin, who was professor of Jewish history at Yeshiva University, New York; M.Giergielewicz, ,(1901-1983), was a historian of Slavic literatures and professor in the Dept. of Slavic Studies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. He published several studies on Polish literature. Ludwik Krzyzanowski taught Polish language and literature at Columbia University and was for many years the editor of the Polish Review).

Iwo Cyprian Pogonowski, Jews in Poland. A Documentary History. The Rise of Jews as a Nation from Congressus Judaicus in Poland to the Knesset in Israel, New York, 1992, ch. 3. Jewish Autonomy in Poland, 1264-1795

(Pogonowski, born in Poland, was trained as an engineer and history is his avocation. This album has a chronological survey with documents, maps and illustrations through 1945/47.)

Antony Polonsky, ed., The Jews in Old Poland. 1,000-1795, London, New York, Oxford, 1993.

(Polonsky, born in S. Africa, has published books on 20^th century Poland and on the history of the Jews in Poland. He taught for many years at the London School of Economics, now has the chair of Jewish Studies, Brandeis University, Waltham, Mass. He is the editor of Polin, annual volumes on the history of Jews in Poland. His history of the Jews in Poland in the 19th century is expected to appear in 2009.)

Magda Teter, Jews and Heretics in Catholic Poland: A Beleaguered Church in the Post-Reformation Era, New York, NY, 2006.

(See review by Barbara Skinner in Slavic Review, vol. 66, no. 4, winter 2007, pp. 732-733.)

Bernard D. Weinryb, The Jews in Poland. A Social and Economic History of the Jewish Community in Poland from 1100 to 1800, Philadelphia, 1973.

(Weinryb, b. 1905 in Poland, educated at the University of Breslau, now Wroclaw, became a U.S. citizen in 1942, and was a specialist in economic and Jewish history).

The Polish nobility, political thought, government, 17^th and 18^th centuries.

Bruce Boswell, “Poland,” in: A.Goodwin, ed., The European Nobility in the Eighteenth Century, London, 1953, pp. 134-171

(B. Boswell, who had published a biography of King Stanislaw Augustus and book on the Poles in 1919, was then professor emeritus of Russian at Liverpool University, England and author of works on pre-partition of Poland. This older book, the fruit of a conference at Oxford University, 1952, includes essays by specialists on England, France, Spain, Lombardy, Prussia, Austria, Hungary, Sweden, Poland and Russia).

Robert I. Frost, “Liberty without License?” The Failure of Polish Democratic Thought in the Seventeenth Century, in: Biskupski & Pula, Polish Democratic Thought, 1990, pp. 29-54.

(Frost is an English historian of early modern Poland teaching at King’s College, London University).

Maciej Janowski, Polish Liberal Thought Before 1918, Budapest, 2004; see review by Daniel Stone in Slavic Review, vol. 64, no. 2, summer 2005, pp. 418-419.

Andrzej Kaminski, "The Szlachta of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and their Government," in: Ivo Banac and Paul Bushkovitch, eds., The Nobility in Russia and Eastern Europe, Yale, New Haven, 1983, pp.17-46.

(A.Kaminski, born in Poland is a specialist on the history of 17-18th century Eastern Europe and teaches at Georgetown University, Washington, D.C; Ivo Banac, a specialist in Yugoslav history, then held the chair of East European history at Yale University; Paul Bushkovitch is a historian of Russia and Ukraine, Yale).

Jerzy Lukowski, Liberty's Folly. The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the Eighteenth Century, London and New York, 1991.

(A detailed study by a British scholar of Polish descent; broad coverage of social and political history; note esp. ch. 9, 10, on Enlightenment, Reform and Revolt. Lukowski teaches at the University of Birmingham, England).

See also the colorful memoirs of a 17th century Polish nobleman:

Catherine S. Leach, ed., trans., Memoirs of the Polish Baroque. The Writings of Jan Chrysostom Pasek, a Squire of the Commonwealth of Poland and Lithuania, Berkeley, Ca., 1976.

(C.S.Leach is a specialist in Polish and Russian Languages and Literatures; she is retired and lives in N.Vancouver B.C., Canada).

Maria J. Swiecicka, trans., ed., The Memoirs of Jan Chryzostom z Goslawic Pasek, New York, 1978.

Poland, Ukraine and the Cossacks in the 17^th century.

Paul Robert Magocsi, A History of Ukraine, Seattle, WA., 1996 and reprints. Part IV. The Cossack State, 1648-1711.

( Magocsi is professor of history and political science, University of Toronto, Canada; he has published works on the Rusins) of Hungary, in Czechoslovakia, and Ukraine, also an atlas of Ukrainian history. They have been demanding autonomy in independent Ukraine, so far without results.)

Orest Subtelny, Ukraine. A History, Toronto, 1988. Part III. The Cossack Era.

(Subtelny was then professor of history at York University, Toronto; later he worked at the Ukrainian Research Institute, Harvard University).

Frank E. Sysyn, Between Poland and the Ukraine. The Dilemma of Adam Kysil, 1600-1653, Cambridge, Mass., 1985.

(Adam Kysil, a Ukrainian noble, tried and failed to mediate between the Polish government and the cossack rebels; the author puts the burden of blame on the Poles. In 1985, Sysyn was then associate director of the Ukrainian Research Institute, Harvard University).

Poland and War, 18^th century.

Gunther Rothenberg, Bela K. Kiraly and Peter S. Sugar eds,East Central European Society and War in the Pre-revolutionary Eighteenth Century, in: Bela K. Kiraly, ed., War and Society in East Central Europe, vol. II., Atlantic Studies....Brooklyn College, 1982. PT IV: Polish Society and War, pp. 165-254.

The Partitions of Poland and Tadeusz Kosciuszko.

The Historiography of the 1st Partition of Poland, 1772,

Se :articles in special number of The Polish Review, v. XVII, no. 4, 1972.

Jerzy Topolski, "Reflections on the First Partition of Poland," Acta Poloniae Historica, v. 27, 1973 (pp. 89-104).

Monographs on the Partitions of Poland.

Herbert H. Kaplan, The First Partition of Poland, New York, 1962

(H. H. Kaplan, b. New York, 1932 is a historian of Russia and Poland. who taught for many years at Indiana University, Bloomington, IN. This is a rather pessimistic study).

Robert H. Lord, The Second Partition of Poland: A Study in Diplomatic History, Cambridge, Mass., 1915

( Robert H. Lord, 1855-1954, was professor of history at Harvard University. He was a member of the U.S. Commission of Inquiry preparing materials for the U.S. Delegation to the Peace Conference, 1919. This is a detailed diplomatic study sympathetic to Poland; old but still useful ).

Same: "The Third Partition of Poland, " Slavonic and East European Review, v. 3, 1925 (pp. 401-98).

Jerzy Lukowski, The Partitions of Poland, 1772, 1793, 1795. New York, 1999 (short study).

Tadeusz Kosciuszko,

Edward P. Alexander, "Jefferson and Kosciuszko: Friends of the Liberty of Man," The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, v. XCII, no. 1., 1968, pp. 87-102 (excellent, short study).

M .K. Dziewanowski,"Tadeusz Kosciuszko, Kazimierz Pulaski and the American War of Independence: A Study in National Symbolism and Mythology," in: J. Pelenski, The American and European Revolutions, pp. 125-147. (M.K. Dziewanowski, 1912-2005, served in the Polish Armed Forces in the West in WWII; emigrated to the U.S., obtained his Ph.D. at Harvard; taught at Boston University and U. of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; he published books on Polish, Russian and Soviet History. Jaroslaw Pelenski, b.1929, was a specialist in Ukrainian history who taught at the Univ. of Iowa. He published nine books in English and Ukrainian.

Emanuel Halicz "Kosciuszko and the Historical Vicissitudes of the Kosciuszko Tradition," in: Bela Kiraly, ed., War and Society in East Central Europe, v. IV, East European Monographs 150, 1984, 55-74.

(E. Halicz, born and educated in Poland, is a historian of 18-19th century Poland, who then resided in Denmark).

Miecislaus Haiman, Kosciuszko in the American Revolution, New York, 1943

(M. Haiman, 1888-1940, b. in Zloczow, Poland, in the U.S. since 1913, was a self-educated Polish-American historian who published works on Polish history and Poles in America, also developed the Polish Musueam of America, .Chicago. See the newer studies on Kosciuszko by M.K. Dziewanowski, E. Halicz and Brian Porter.)

same, Kosciuszko, Leader and Exile, New York, 1946

Jefferson Kosciuszko Correspondence, edited with Introduction and notes by Bogdan Grzelonski, Warsaw, 1978.

(The introduction is excellent; these letters cover the period 1798-1817; the appendix contains some letters in the original French; Grzelonski is a historian of modern Poland and Poles in America, who became Rektor (Chancellor)of Plock University, Poland.)

Jan Stanislaw Kopczewski, Kosciuszko and Pulaski, Warsaw, 1976.

(Illustrated study of the two leading Polish participants in the American War of Independence, also of Kosciuszko in 1794 and later).

Jozef Pawlikowski, "Can the Poles Attain their Independence?" in: Kiraly, War and Society, pp. 553-622.

(Pawlikowski, 1767-1829, was a publicist, secretary to Kosciuszko in 1799, so this reflects the latter’s views to some extent. Published as an anonymous pamphlet in 1800, it advocated partisan warfare under Kosciuszko’s leadership against the partitioning powers. After returning to Congress Poland, Pawlikowski joined the National Patriotic Association, was arrested by the Russians and died in prison).

(See also: Brian A. Porter, "An Evaluation of Tadeusz Kosciuszko's Contribution to the American Revolution," American Studies, v. X, Warsaw University American Studies Center, 1991, pp. 93-101. See also his study of late 19th - early 20th c. right- wing Polish Nationalism: When Nationalism Learned to Hate, Oxford, 2000. He teaches at the Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor.)

James Pula, Thaddeus Koscuszko: the Purest Son of Liberty, New York, 1999 .

(Pula is a Polish-American historian, then teaching at Utica College. This is a study of Kosciuszko’s activities in both Poland and the U.S; see the critical review by James R. Thompson, a historian of Russia teaching at Georgetown University, in The Sarmatian Review, vol. 20, no. 1, January 2000, pp.678-680.)

Andrzej Zahorski,"The Attitudes of the Polish Estates toward the Kosciuszko Insurrection," in: Bela K. Kiraly, ed., War and Society, vol. IV., 1984, pp. 75-84.

(Zahorski, 1923-1992, was a specialist in 18^th and early 19^th century Polish history).

Between the First and Second Partitions of Poland:The Polish Enlightenment and Reforms, 1772-1791.

M.B. Biskupski and James S. Pula, Polish Democratic Thought from the Renaissance to the Great Emigration: Essays and Documents, East Eur. Monographs no. CCLXXXIX (289), distr. Columbia Univ. Press, 1990 .

(Biskupski is a Polish-American historian specializing in 20h century Polish and Polish American history; he holds the Chair of Polish and Polish-American History at the Central State University of Connecticut, New Britain, CT; Pula is a Polish-American historian, author of a recent biography of Tadeusz Kosciuszko; who teaches at Utica College. This is a very good collection of studies and documents; note the contributions by James Miller, Robert I. Frost and Daniel Z. Stone).

Samuel Fiszman, ed., Constitution and Reform in Eighteenth Century Poland. The Constitution of 3 May 1791, Bloomington, IN., 1997.

(This impressive collection of English language studies consists of 22 Papers discussing many different topics, read at a conference at Indiana University, October 1991. The concluding chapter compares the two Polish political “revolutions” of 1788-92 and 1980-90. S. Fiszman,1914-1999, b. in Poland and trained there in Slavic Literatures, Politics and Sociology, was then professor emeritus Indiana University, Bloomington, IN.)

Barbara Grochulska "The Place of the Enlightenment in Polish Social History," ch. 12 in: J.K. Fedorowicz et al, eds., A Republic of Nobles, pp.239-257

(The author then tayght at the History Institute, Warsaw University.)

Jerzy Lukowski, Liberty’s Folly.The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the Eighteenth Century, London, New York, 1991.

(ch.9,10 discuss the Enlightenment and Reforms.)

William J. Rose: "Hugo Kollataj: 1750-1812," The Slavonic and East European Review, (SEER) v. 29, no. 72, 1950, pp. 49-65.

(Hugo Kollataj, priest, writer and politician was a prominent representative of the Polish Enlightenment who played a key role in drawing up the constitution of May 3, 1791, and thus in reforming the Polish political system.

(W.J. Rose, 1885-1969, a Canadian YMCA official, was caught by World War I in Teschen/Cieszyn/Tesin Silesia, learned Polish and participated in working out a local Polish-Czech agreement dividing the area into Polish and Czech regions in early November 1918, after which he presented the Polish case for the region at the Paris Peace Conference. Later, he obtained a Ph.D. in Polish history at the Jagiellonian University, Krakow, taught at the School of Slavonic and East European Studies, University of London, 1935-1950, was its director in the 1940s and the co-editor of the Slavonic and East European Review 1938-49.)

same, "Stanislaw Konarski, Preceptor of Poland," SEER, v. IV, no. 10, 1925, pp. 23-41;

(S. Konarski, 1700-1773, was an enlightened priest, educator and reformer; see book on him below.)

same, "Stanislaw Staszic, 1755-1826," SEER., v. 52, no. 81, 1955, pp. 291-303.

(Staszic was an enlightened priest, political writer, reformer and scientist).

Same. Stanislaw Konarski, Reformer of Education in Eighteenth Century Poland, London, 1929.

(major English language study of Konarski.)

Grzegorz Leopold Seidler, The Reform of the Polish School System in the Era of Enlightenment, Annales Univ. Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, v. XX,1, Section G, Lublin, 1973, pp. 1-17.

(Seidler, b. 1913, was then professor emeritus of legal theory, the state and law of the Jagiellonian University, Krakow. This is a succinct presentation of the reforms.)

Daniel Z. Stone, "Democratic Thought in Eighteenth Century Poland," in: Biskupski & Pula, Polish Democratic Thought, 1990, pp. 55-72.

(D. Z. Stone, b.1942, is a specialist on modern Polish history, who then taught at the University of Winnipeg, Canada.)

Same, Polish Politics and National Reform, 1775-1778, East. European Monographs. Boulder, Co., 1976.

(a rather negative account)

Adam Zamoyski, The Last King of Poland, London, 1992

(This is a lively successor to R.N. Bain's older study: The Last King of Poland and his Contemporaries, London, 1909, U.S. reprint 1971. R. Nisbet Bain, 1854-1909 was a British historian of Russia. Zamoyski is much more sympathetic to King Stanislas Augustus than Daniel Stone.)

Western Views of 18^th century Poland.

Nell Holladay Boand, Lewis Littlepage, Richmond, VA., 1970.

(N.Holladay Boand, a descendant of L. Littlepage, collected letters and other archival papers on his life and travels to write this book together with Marjorie Peters. The peripatetic Littlepage, a native of Virginia, sought his fortune in Europe. He was in Poland in 1784- 1785, worked in the King’s service 1786-88, and again in 1791-94 and 1796-97. He corresponded with Thomas Jefferson and other famous men of the time.)

Miecislaus Haiman, The Fall of Poland in Contemporary American Opinion, Chicago, 1935.

(M. Haiman ,1888-1949, b. in Poland, was a Polish-American historian of Polish America. He did much to develop this branch of history and the Polish Museum of America, Chicago.).

D.B. Horn, British Public Opinion and the First Partition of Poland, Edinburgh, 1945.

Horn, a British historian, authored a book on Sir Charles Hanbury Williams, 1708-1759, and European Diplomacy (London, 1930)

Jean Jacques Rousseau, The Government of Poland, trans. Willmoore Kendall, Indianapolis, IN., 1972

(By the famous French “philosophe” who lived in 1712-78; first published in 1782. He advised the Poles to be "indigestible" to their enemies. They were.)

Polish-American Relations in the Revolutionary Era.

Anna M. Cienciala, “The American Founding Fathers and Poland,” in Jaroslaw Pelenski, ed., The American and European Revolutions, 1776-1848: Sociopolitical and Ideological Aspects, Univ. of Iowa Press, 1980, pp. 111-124..

(Pelenski, b. Warsaw, Poland, 1929, educated in Munich and the U.S. a specialist in early modern East Central Europe and Russia, is professor emeritus University of Iowa, Iowa City; Cienciala, b. Danzig/Gdansk, 1929, Prof. Em. Univ. of Kansas,is a specialist on Polish foreign policy and international relations 1914-45.)

M.K. Dziewanowski, “Tadeusz Kosciuszko, Kazimierz Pulaski, and the American War of Independence: A Study in National Symbolism and Mythology,” in Pelenski, ibid., pp.125-147.

(Dziewanowski,1913 -2007, was born into a Polish family in [Zytomierz, eastern Poland now Zhitomir,Ukraine, was a prominent American historian of Poland and Russia, also World War II. He taught at the Univ. of Boston and the University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee, WI.)

Piotr S. Wandycz, “The American Revolution and the Partitions of Poland,” in Pelenski, ibid., pp. 95-110.

(Wandycz, b. Poland, 1923, is the leading authority on Polish foreign relations 1918-36, the leading American historian of Poland, 1795-1939, and of East Central Europe, 1660- present. He is professor emeritus of Yale University.)

Polish views of America:

Jerzy Jedlicki, "The Image of America in Poland, 1776-1945," Reviews in American History, Dec. 1986, pp. 686-96.

(Jedlicki, is a specialist in Polish intellectual history and the Polish intelligentsia, who then taught at the History Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw).

Eugene Kusielewicz, “Poland’s changing attitudes toward the American Revolution,” in:Bela K. Kiraly, George Barany, eds., East Central European Perceptions of Early America, Lisse, Holland, 1977, pp. 89-96.

(E. Kusielewicz, 1936-1998, was a Polish-American historian and long-time director of the Kosciuszko Foundation, New York, also professor at St. John’s College.. This is a brief survey of the topic.)

Zofia Libiszowska, “American thought in Polish Political Writings of the Great Diet (1788-1792),” in: Polish-American Studies, Wallace D. Farnham, ed., Warsaw, 1976, pp. 41-58.

(Z.Libiszowska, b. 1918, professor emeritus of Lodz University, was then the leading Polish authority on Polish attitudes toward American and British institutions, and vice versa, also events in the late 18^th century; Prof. W. D. Farnham, b.1928, Sibley Iowa, is a specialist in American constitutional history; at this time, he was a professor at Illinois University, Urbana, IL., teaching at the American Studies Institute, University of Warsaw.)

Same, “Polish Opinion of the American Revolution,” Polish-American Studies, vol. 34, Warsaw, 1977, pp. 5-15.

Irene M. Sokol, “Eighteenth Century Polish Views on American Republican Government,” in: Kiraly, Barany, East Central European Perceptions, pp. 89-96.

(I.M.Sokol, was then teaching at Farleigh Dickinson University, Madison, N.J.)

Same: “The American Revolution and Poland: A Bibliographical Essay,” Polish Review, vol. XII, 1967, no. 3, pp. 3-17.

Daniel Stone, "Poland and the Lessons of the American Revolution," in: Bela K. Kiraly, ed. East Central European Society and War in the Era of Revolutions, 1775-1856, in the series: War and Society in East Central Europe, vol. IV, Social Science Monographs Brooklyn College Press, East European Monographs, no. CL (150), Boulder, CO. and New York, 1984, pp. 3-10.

(B.K. Kiraly, b. 1912, was garrison commander in Budapest in the Hungarian Revolution of 1956, emigrated to the U.S., became a historian of Hungary, returned to Budapest 1989. He initiated the valuable series on War and Society in East Central Europe.)

Polish Women before Industrialization.

Cesary Kuklo, "Single Woman in Pre-Industrial Towns as a subject of historical research," in: Maria Bogucka, ed., Society and Culture in Poland and Europe, Warsaw, 1995, pp. 112-123 (covers W. Europe and Poland).

4. Partitioned Poland, 1795 -1914/18. Surveys.

Norman Davies, God's Playground,. A History of Poland. v. II. From 1795 to the Present, New York, 1982, new ed. 2000 (?).

(N.Davies, b. England 1940, is the leading British historian of Poland.)

Stefan Kieniewicz, "Poland under Foreign Rule, 1795-1918," in: Aleksander Gieysztor et al, eds., History of Poland, 2nd edition, Warsaw, 1979, chapters XIV-XXI (pp. 335-540.

(S.Kieniewicz, 1907-1992, was a leading historian of Poland in this period).

Piotr S. Wandycz, The Lands of Partitioned Poland, 1795-1918, Seattle, WA., 1974 and reprints.

SPECIAL TOPICS.

1.Polish Nationalism, A. 19th century, General.

Peter Brock, "Polish Nationalism" in: Peter F. Sugar and Ivo J. Lederer, eds., Nationalism in Eastern Europe, Seattle and London, 1969, pp. 310-372.

(P.Brock,b.1920-2005, a specialist in Polish history,was then a professor at the University of Toronto).

(i)Polish 19^th Century Nationalism: Historical-Analytical Studies; Political Thought.

Robert E. Alvis, Religion and the Rise of Nationalism: A Profile of an East-Central European City [Poznan], Syracuse, NY, 2005; see review by Roisin Healy, "Poznanians into Germans and Poles," H-Nationalism, H-Net Reviews, April 2007, URL: http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.cgi?path=188081179775753.

Patrice M. Dabrowski, Commemorations and the Shaping of Modern Poland, Bloomington and Indianapolis, IN, 2004; see review by Laurie Koloski, "Celebrating the Stateless Nation, or How the "Polish Question" Stayed Afloat, HABSBURG, May 2007, URL:
http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=13175.

(Excellent study of how commemoration of great Polish deeds and persons, organized by educated Poles, helped develop Polish peasants' national identity in Austrian Poland -Galicia.)

Maciej Janowski, Polish Liberal Thought Before 1918, Budapest, 2004; see review by Daniel Stone in Slavic Review, vol. 64, no. 2, summer 2005, pp. 418-41.

Brian Porter, “Democracy and Discipline in Late Nineteenth Century Poland,” Journal of Modern History, vol. 71, June 1999, pp. 346-393.

(A sophisticated study of National Democratic writings by a young American historian of Poland teaching at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI ).

Same, “The Social Nation and Its Futures: English Liberalism and Polish Nationalism in Late Nineteenth Century Warsaw,” American Historical Review, vol. 101, no. 5, Dec. 1996, pp. 1470-1492.

(A new interpretation of Polish Positivism).

Same, When Nationalism began to Hate: Imagining Modern Politics in Nineteenth Century Poland, Oxford, 2000.

(A brilliant study of the origins of the nationalistic National Democratic Movement, but the reader should note that there were also other trends in Polish political thought at the time, notably the multiculturalPolish socialist movement.)

Same: “Who is a Pole and Where is Poland? Territory and Nation in the Rhetoric of Polish National Democracy,” Slavic Review, vol. 51, no. 4, Winter 1992, pp.639-653.

Jerzy Tomaszewski, “The National Question in Poland in the Twentieth Century,” trans. Anna Zaranko, in: Mikulas Teich and Roy Porter, eds, The National Question in Europe in Historical Context, Cambridge, England, 1993, reprint 1994.

(J. Tomaszewski, b. 1930, then taught at the Main School of Planning of Statistics, Warsaw and was the director of the M. Anielewicz Center for the Study and Teaching of the History of Jewish Culture in the History Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences; he has published works on the economic and ethnic history of Poland, also Eastern Europe. The first part of this article covers P. nationalism up to the early 20^th century. M. Teich was then professor emeritus of Robinson College, Cambridge, England, and has published works on the history of the sciences and Czech history; R. Porter was then Reader in the Social History Medicine at the Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine).

Andrzej Walicki, "The Three Traditions of Polish Nationalism and Their Contemporary Relevance," Paper read at the Polish Studies Center, Indiana University, Bloomington, Ind., March 26, 1987.

(Walicki, b.1938 in Warsaw, Poland, and educated there, is the foremost contemporary specialist on Polish intellectual history and since 1986, the O’Neill professor of history at Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, IN.)

same: "The Political Heritage of the 16th Century and its Influence on the Nation-Building Ideologies of the Polish Enlightenment and Romanticism," in: Samuel Fiszman, ed., The Polish Renaissance, pp. 34-60.

(Compare with: James Miller, "The Sixteenth Century Roots of the Polish Democratic Tradition," in: M.B. Biskupski and James S. Pula, Polish Democratic Thought from the Renaissance to the Great Emigration. Essays and Documents, E.E. Mon. CCLXXXIX (289) 1990, (pp. 11-28);

same, The Enlightenment and the Birth of Modern Nationhood: Polish Political Thought from Noble Republicanism to Tadeusz Kosciuszko, Notre Dame, 1989

(the author emphasizes the connection between the old Polish noble republic and the enlightened republicanism of Kosciuszko).

same, Philosophy and Romantic Nationalism: The Case of Poland, Oxford, 1982.

(ii)Poland in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, 1797-1815, Poles in European revolutions, and the National Uprisings of 1830-31 and 1863-64. Surveys

Piotr S. Wandycz, The Lands of Partitioned Poland, 1793-1918, Seattle, WA., 1974 and reprints. Part One, The Aftermath of the Partitions, 1795-1830, chapters 1 -5 (pp. 3-104); Part Two, The Age of Insurrections, 1830-1864, chapters 6 through 9 (pp.105-192)..

(Wandycz, b. Poland 1926, is prof. emeritus Yale University; a specialist on inter-war Polish foreign policy, he is the pre-eminent historian of Poland in the U.S).

Special Topics.

A. Poland, Nationalism: Art and Politics, 1770-1830.

Jan Bialostocki, “Art and Politics, 1770-1830,” in: J. Pelenski, The American and European Revolutions, 1776-1830,” in: Jaroslaw Pelenski, ed., The American and European Revolutions, 1776-1848, Iowa City, 1980, pp. 363-393.

(J.Bialostocki, 1921-1988 was the pre-eminent Polish art historian of the time).

B. Poland Nationalism: Nobles as Revolutionaries, 1815-30.

Stefan Kieniewicz, “The Revolutionary Nobleman: An East European Version of the Liberation Struggle in the Restoration Era,” in: J. Pelenski, The American andEuropean Revolutions, pp. 268-286,

(S. Kieniewicz, 1907-1992, was an eminent historian of 19^th century Poland, who taught at the University of Warsaw).

C.Poland Nationalism: Military History, Leaders, 19^th century

Norman Davies, “The Military Traditions of the Polish Szlachta, 1700-1864,” in: Bela K. Kiraly and Gunther E. Rothenberg, eds., War and Society in East Central Europe, vol. I., Brooklyn College and Columbia University Press, 1979, pp. 137-145.

(N.Davies, b. 1940, is the leading British historian of Poland; Rothenburg specialized in military history.)

Eligiusz Kozlowski, “The Embodiment of the East Central Revolutionary Warrior: General Jozef Bem, 1794-1850,” in: Bela K. Kiraly, ed., War and Society, vol. IV, 1984, .pp.135-154.

(E. Kozlowski, 1924-1987, was a specialist in 19^th century Polish military history; Gen. Bem fought in the Polish Uprising of 1830-31, led Hungarian armies in 1848, then entered the Ottoman service; he died in Syria).

Jan Pachonski, “The Effects of Revolutionary and Napoleonic France on the Shaping of Polish National Military Forces, 1797-1814,” in: Bela K. Kiraly, ed., War and Society, vol. IV, 1984, pp. 85-106.

(Pachonski was at the time professor of history at the Boleslaw Bierut, after 1989, Silesian University, Katowice, Poland).

Jerzy Skowronek, “Polish Military Formations in National Liberation Movements in East Central Europe, 1795-1850,” in: Bela K. Kiraly, ed., War and Society, vol. IV, 1984, pp. 106-120.

(J. Skowronek, d. 1994, was an eminent historian of the Great Polish Emigration, 1831-63.)

Same, “The Model of Revolution in East Central European Political Thought during the Napoleonic Era,” in: J. Pelenski, The American and European Revolutions,, pp. 248-267.

(See also under: Russian Poland, below)

D. Poland, 19th Century Nationalism: Political Thoughtand Movements..

"The Manifesto of the Polish Democratic Societiey, Poitiers, 1836," in: Biskupski & Pula, Polish Democratic Thought East. Eur. Mongraphs no. 289, Boulder, CO., New York, 1990, pp. 189-193.

Brian Porter (see under Nationalism above).

Joan N.Skurnowicz, Polish Szlachta Democracy at the Crossroads, 1795-1831, in: Biskupski & Pula, Polish Democratic Thought, pp. 73-92

(Skurnowicz has published a book on the Polish historian Joachim Lelewel [1786-1861] and other studies; she then taught at Loras College, Dubuque, IA).

Andrzej Walicki, “The Problem of Revolution in Polish Thought, 1831-1848/49,” in J. Pelenski, The American and European Revolutions, pp. 320-362.

Same: Russia, Poland, and Universal Regeneration. Studies on Russian and Polish Political Thought of the Romantic Epoch, Notre Dame, 1991.

(excellent study of both national thoughts and their interactions).

Same, “The Problem of Revolution in Polish Thought, 1831-1848/49,” in J. Pelenski, The American and European Revolutions, pp. 320-362.

E. The Polish Peasant and Nationalism.

(How commemorations of great deeds of the past helped develop national identitity of Polish peasants.)

Keely Stauter-Halsted, The Nation in the Village. The Genesis of Peasant Nationality in Austrian Poland, 1848-1914, Ithaca, London, 2001.

(A pioneering work by a young American scholar. PIASA Orbis Prize, 2001).

William J. Rose, trans., From Serfdom to Self-Government. Memoirs of a Polish Village Mayor, 1842-1927, London, 1941.

(Lively writing shows changing views and developing national identity of Slomka, a Polish peasant and village administrator over time; on W.J. Rose, see section on Polish Enlightenment and Partitions, above and Rebirth of Poland, below.)

Polish Nationalism and the two most influential Polish statesmen of modern times

(i)Jozef Pilsudski (1867-1935)

M.K. Dziewanowski, "Joseph Pilsudski, 1967-1967," East European Quarterly, v. II, no. 4, 1969 (pp. 359-83).

(A positive image by a Polish and American historian.)

Andrzej Garlicki, Jozef Pilsudski, 1867-1935, New York, 1995.

(Garlicki, b.1935, was then a professor at Warsaw University; this is the translation of an abridged version of his final Polish volume, and gives a rather negative view of Pilsudski.)

Waclaw Jedrzejewicz, Pilsudski. A Life for Poland, New York, London, 1982; reprint in paperback: New York, Hippocrene Press, 1990.

(A very positive view by a former Pilsudski legionnaire, minister, diplomat, and emigre historian; b. around 1895, he lived to be over a hundred.).

Aleksandra Pilsudska, Pilsudski. A Biography by his Wife, New York, 1941.

(Aleksandra, Pilsudski’s second wife and mother of their two daughters, Jadwiga and Wanda, writes not only about her husband but also about her activities in the Polish pre-WWI underground socialist movement, in which she met her husband).

Jozef Pilsudski, Memoirs of a Polish Revolutionary and Soldier, trans. D.R. Gillie, London, 1931, reprint London 1941.

( Mandatory reading for those interested in Pilsudski’s views and beliefs).

(ii).Roman Dmowski

Alvin Marcus Fountain II, Roman Dmowski: Party, Tactics, Ideology, 1895-1907, East Eur. Mon. vol. LX, 1980.

(A good biography which goes up to 1906; the author then taught at North Carolina State University).

Brian Porter (see under Polish Nationalism)

Frank W. Thackeray, "Pilsudski, Dmowski, and the Russo-Japanese War: An Episode in the Diplomacy of a Stateless People," in Morison, Eastern Europe and the West, pp.52-70; compare with Jerzy Lerski, "A Polish Chapter in the Russo-Japanese War," Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan, Third Series, v. VII, Nov. 1959 pp.69-97).

E. Poland, Nationalism: The Great Emigration 1831-63,

Robert A. Berry, "Polish Diplomatic Activities in the Ottoman Empire, 1832-1848: The Influence of the Hotel Lambert on Ottoman Policy" in: John Morison, ed., Eastern Europe and the West, New York, 1990, pp. 26-51.

(papers read at the 4^th International Congress of Slavists, Harrogate, England, 1990).

Arthur P. Coleman, "The Great Emigration," ch. XIV a in Cambridge History of Poland, v. II, pp. 311-323

(this is an older sketch of the subject by an American historian of Poland).

M.K. Dziewanowski, "Czartoryski and his 'Essai sur la Diplomatie,' Slavic Review, v. 30, no. 3., 1971. pp. 589-606.

( on Czartoryski's project for a European League of Nations).

same: "1848 and the Hotel Lambert," Slavonic and East European Review, v. 22, 1948 (pp. 149-73);

(the Hotel Lambert was the Paris residence of Prince Adam Jerzy Czartoryski, leader of the conservative wing of the Great Polish Emigration- - Poles who had left Russian Poland after the failure of the revolution and Polish-Russian war of 1830-31; most settled in France.)

Hans Henning Hahn, "Possibilities and Limitations of Foreign Policy in Exile: Adam Jerzy Czartoryski in Western Europe, 1831-40," Morrison, Eastern Europe, 1992 (pp. 3-25).

Eugene J. Kisluk, Brothers from the North: The Polish Democratic Society and the European Revolutions of 1848-1849, Boulder, CO, 2005; see review by Anita Shelton in The American Historical Review, vol. 112, no. 4, October 2007, pp. 1254-125, and the online review by Krzysztof Marchlewicz, “The Impact of Emigres,” H-Diplo, H-Net Reviews, February 2008, URL:
http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.cgi?path=258381205419909

Marian Kukiel,Czartoryski and European Unity 1770-1861, Princeton, N.J., 1955.

(General M. Kukiel, 1885-1973, was primarily a military historian. This work is very good on the Prince’s Balkan policy.)

Kenneth Lewalski, "Fraternal Politics: Polish and European Radicalism During the Great Emigration," in: Biskupski and Pula, Polish Democratic Thought, pp. 93-108.

(Lewalski, b. 1925, d. 2000 (?) was an American historian of Poland).

Memoirs of Prince Adam Czartoryski and his Correspondence with Alexander I, edited by Adam Gielgud, 2 vols., London, 1888, reprint: Academic International, Orono, Maine, 1968. (v. I, covers the period 1776-1804; v.II, 1804-1861, but the bulk of the volume covers 1804-15. This volume includes conversations and correspondence with western statesmen. Prince Adam's love affair with the Empress Elizabeth of Russia was censored out by the family; the original MSS is in the Czartoryski Library, Krakow, Poland). See also

W.H. Zawadzki, A Man of Honour. Adam Czartoryski as a Statesman of Russia and Poland, 1795-1831, Oxford, 1993.

(Excellent study based on the holdings of the Czartoryski Library, Krakow; Zamoyski archives Warsaw,the Public Record Office, London, and the archives of the French Foreign Ministry, Paris; Zawadzki then taught History at Abingdon School, England.)

F. Polish Nationalism and Polish 19^th c. Marxists,

(i) Polish Radical, Anti-Democratic and Anti-National Socialists.

Richard Abraham, Rosa Luxemburg. A Life for the International, Oxford, New York, 1989, (A very readable study; Abraham, a British historian of Russia, also published an excellent biography of Alexander Kerensky. Rosa Luxemburg, 1871-1919, was born and schooled in Russian Poland, but spent most of her life in Germany. She opposed Polish “bourgeois” nationalism - but accused V.I. Lenin of being a “Red Tsar.” She was murdered by right wing irregulars in Berlin, Jan. 1919.)

Lucjan Blit, The Origins of Polish Socialism, 1878-1886, Cambridge, 1971

(Blit was a Polish Socialist journalist and scholar).

Robert E. Blobaum, Feliks Dzierzynski and the SDKPiL: A Study in the Origins of Polish Communism, E.Eur. Mon. CLIV (154) 1984.

( F. Dzierzynski, 1877-1926, became a follower of V.I. Lenin, and the first head of the “Cheka,” or Soviet security police; the SDKPiL was the Polish acronym for: The Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania. Blobaum, an American historian of late 19^th-early 20^th century Poland, has also published a book on the Revolution in Russian Poland 190507 and edited a book on Anti-Semitism in modern Poland.. He teaches at West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV.

Same: "The SDKPiL and the Polish Question (Revisited),"in: John Morison, ed., Eastern Europe and the West, New York, 1990, pp.207-218.)

Elzbieta Etinger, ed. and trans. Comrade and Lover. Rosa Luxemburg's Letters to Leo Jogiches, Cambridge Mass, and London England, 1979.

Norman H. Naimark, A History of the "Proletariat”1879-1887, New York, 1979.

(Naimark is a historian of modern Russia and Poland teaching at Stanford University, Stanford, CA; the “Proletariat” was a very small, Polish radical socialist group).

J.P. Nettl, Rosa Luxemburg, London 1963

(J. P. Nettl, 1926-68, was an English historian)

Marshall S. Shatz, Jan Waclaw Machajski. A Radical Critic of the Russian Intelligentsia and Socialism, Pittsburgh, 1989.

(Machajski, 1866-1926, belonged to underground socialist groups, was arrested by Russian police 1892, deported to Siberia, but escaped 1903 and lived in the West. In 1917, he went to Russia was an anarcho-syndicalist and was not active in the revolution. He worked as proof reader for an economic journal. M..Schatz, an American historian of Russia has also published a book of interviews with Jewish communists in interwar Poland later imprisoned in the USSR He teaches at University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA).

Anita K. Shelton, "Rosa Luxemburg and the National Question," East European Quarterly, 1987, no. 3, pp. 297-303.

(Anita Krystyna Shelton is a historian of Czechoslovakia and Poland, who teaches at Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, IL).

Feliks Tych, "The Historical Controversy on the Polish Question in the Revolutionary Movement from Marx to Lenin," in: Michael Urban, ed., Ideology and System Change in the USSR and Eastern Europe, New York, 1990, pp. 141-161.

(F. Tych, b.1929, is a historian of early Polish socialism on which he has many publications. He is head of the Jewish Historical Institute, Warsaw.)

(ii) Polish 19^th c. Marxists: Democratic Socialism

Kazimiera Cottam, Boleslaw Limanowski (1835-1935). A Study in Socialism and Nationalism, East Eur. Mon. XLI, 1978.

(A very good biography of a prominent Polish democratic socialist. Cottam lives in Canada.)

Waclaw Jedrzejewicz, Pilsudski. A Life for Poland, New York 1982 and reprint 1990, (pp. 16-44).

(This is a very positive, popular biography of Pilsudski who began his political life as a revolutionary and socialist.. Jedrzejewicz, 1892-1993, was a Pilsudski legionnaire, Minister and Diplomat, later emigre and historian, also long time director of the Jozef Pilsudski Institute of America, New York. Contrast this book with the rather negative biography by Andrzej Garlicki, Jozef Pilsudski, New York, 1995, a translation of the author’s much larger Polish work).

Timothy Snyder, Nationalism, Marxism and Modern Central Europe: A Biography of Kazimierz Kelles-Krauz, 1877-1905, Cambridge, MASS, 1997.

(This is an excellent study of an original but little known Marxist thinker, an opponent of Rosa Luxemburg; Snyder, author of The Reconstruction of Nations (2003) and other books, teaches East European history at Yale).

G.Polish Nationalism and 19^th century Positivism,

Stanislaus A. Blejwas, "The Origins and Practice of 'Organic Work' in Poland, 1795-1863," Polish Review, v. 15, 1970, no. 4, pp. 23-54.

(Blejwas, 1941-2001, was a Polish-American historian of modern Poland and Polish America, who created and held the chair of Polish and Polish American Studies at Central Connecticut State University, New Britain, CT).

same, Realism in Polish Politics: Warsaw Positivism and National Survival in Nineteenth Century Poland, Yale, 1984

(best Eng.lang. study on the subject; see also Brian Porter article, “The Social Nation” under: Nationalism.).

Stefan Kieniewicz, "Uprisings and Organic Work in the XIXth Century," East European Quarterly, v. XIX, 1985, Jan. 1986, no. 4, pp. 395-401.

(S.Kieniewicz, 1907-92, was an eminent historian of 19^th century Poland).

Brian Porter (see under A, (i) above.

Wandycz, Lands of Partitiioned Poland, ch. 13 “The Era of Positivism,” (pp. 260-274);

H. Polish 19^th c. Nationalism and the Polish Intelligentsia

Aleksander Gella, "The Russian and Polish Intelligentsia: A Sociological Perspective," Studies in Soviet Thought, v. 19, 1979, pp. 397-420.

(Gella, a Sociologist, born 1922 in Lwow, Poland (now L'viv, Ukraine), participated in the Polish resistance movement in World War II, and taught at SUNY Buffalo . He has published many studies on the Polish intelligentsia.)

Jerzy Jedlicki, "Native Culture and Western Civilization: Essay from the History of Polish Social Thought in the Years 1764-1863," Acta Poloniae Historica, v. 28, 1973, (pp. 63-86);

(Jedlicki teaches at the Institute of History, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw.)

same: A Suburb of Europe. Nineteenth Century Polish Approaches to Western Civilization, Budapest, 1999.

(a brilliant dissection of the 19th c. Polish intelligentsia, its perceptions and beliefs.)

Konstanty A. Jelenski, "The Genealogy of Polish Intelligentsia," Soviet Survey, no. 29, 1959 pp. 112-120.

(K. Jelenski, 1922-1987, was an essayist and literary critic, who lived and worked in Paris 1951-87).

Stefan Kieniewicz, "The Polish Intelligentsia in the Nineteenth Century," in: Keith Hitchins, ed., Studies in East European Social History, Leiden, 1977, pp. 122-134.

(Kieniewicz was a prominent historian of 19th c. Poland.)

Janina Leskiewicz, "Society in the Kingdom of Poland, 1832-1863," ,ibid., pp. 135-149;

(Leskiewicz is a professor emeritus of Warsaw University.)

Johannes Remy, Higher Education and National Identity. Polish Student Activism in Russia, 1832-1863, Helsinki, 2000.

(Fascinating study of Polish students, mostly from old eastern Poland - now Belarus and Ukraine - who studied at Russian universities between the two Polish uprisings. Remy traces their social status, reading matter, discussions and associations, as well as the attitude of generally toleran Russian authorities. Remy, who teaches in Finland, was a recipient of the AAASS Orbis Prize in 2001.)

Jan Szczepanski, "The Polish Intelligentsia: Past and Present," World Politics, v. 14, 1962, no. 3.

(Jan Jozef Szczepanski, b.1919, was a prominent Polish writer and translator)

G. Poles and Germans.

Robert E. Alvis, Religion and the Rise of Nationalism: A Profile of an East-Central European City [Poznan], Syracuse, NY, 2005; see review by Roisin Healy, "Poznanians into Germans and Poles," H-Nationalism, H-Net Reviews, April 2007, URL:
http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.cgi?path=188081179775753.

H. Nationalism via commemorations.

Patrice M. Dabrowski, Commemorations and the Shaping of Modern Poland, Bloomington and Indianapolis, IN, 2004; see review by Laurie Koloski, "Celebrating the Stateless Nation, or How the "Polish Question" Stayed Afloat, HABSBURG, May 2007, URL: http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=13175.

(Excellent study on developing national consciousness among the Polish peasants of Galicia in the late 19th century. )

2.ThePeasant Question in 19^th c. Poland

Peter Brock, Polish Revolutionary Populism: A Study in Agrarian Socialist Thought from the 1830's to the 1850's, Toronto, 1977.

A very good study. Peter Brock taught at Columbia University and the University of Toronto.

:Stefan Kieniewicz, The Emancipation of the Polish Peasantry, Chicago, 1969.

best Eng. lang. work on the subject by a Polish historian..

Olga A. Narkiewicz, The Green Flag. Polish Populist Politics, 1867-1970, London, Totowa, N.J., 1976, ch. One through Six, pp. 9-168.

Narkiewicz is a Polish historian then living in England.

3. Polish 19^th c..Urbanization and industrialization

Aleksander Bochenski, Tracing the Development of Polish Industry, Warsaw, 1971

(Aleksander Adolf Bochenski, b. 1904, was a well known writer and publicist.)

Marian M. Drozdowski, "The Urbanization of Poland in the Years 1870-1970," Studia Historica Oeconomica, Poznan, 1974, v. 9, pp. 223-244.

(Drozdowski, b. 1932, is a historian of 19^th and 20^th century Poland who has published many books and articles on 20^th c. Poland. He is a faculty member of the History Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw.)

Jerzy Jedlicki, "Industrial State Economy in the Kingdom of Poland in the Nineteenth Century," Acta Poloniae Historica, v. 2, 1959 (pp. 155-166).

Same: “The Technical and Industrial Intelligentsia,” in his: A Suburb of Europe, pp.193-204.

(Jedlicki has written extensively on the Polish Intelligentsia. )

4.The Vatican and Poland during the Partition Period.

Larry Wolff, The Vatican and Poland in the Age of the Partitions. Diplomatic and Cultural Encounters at the Warsaw Nunciature, E.Eur. Mon. CCLV (255), Boulder, CO., and New York, 1988.

(Wolff is an American Historian of Eastern Europe teaching at Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MASS.)

5. Polish women in the 19th century.

Abraham, Rosa Luxemburg, (see under Marxists)

Rudolf Jaworski and Bianka Petrow-Ennker, eds., Women in Polish Society, East Eur. Monographs CCCXLIV, 1992.

excellent papers read at the 4th International Congress of Slavists, Harrogate, England, 1990.

Susan Quinn, Marie Curie,A Life, New York, 1995.

(a well researched biography. Quinn, a writer, has also published a biography of Karen Horney; she lives in Brookline, MASS.)

Robert Reid, Marie Curie, New York, 1974.

(good biography; at this time the Oxford-educated Reid was science adviser for BBC, London, and WGBH, and lived in London.)

6. The Lands of Partitioned Poland.

(A) Galicia (Austrian Poland),

Patrice M. Dabrowski, "'Discovering" the Galician Borderlands: The Case of the Eastern Carpathians, Slavic Review, vol. 64, no. 2, summer 2005, pp. 380-402.

Norman Davies, God's Playground, II, ch. 4. Galicia (pp. 112-138),

Alison Fleig Frank, Oil Empire: Visions of Prosperity in Austrian Galicia, Cambridge, MA, 2005; see reviews by John-Paul Himka, The American Historical Review, June 2006, pp. 925-926 or Daniel Stone, "Lessons of Galician Oil," HABSBURG, November 2007, URL:

http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=13873.1

Christopher Hann and Paul Robert Magocsi, eds., Galicia: A Multicultured Land, Toronto, 2005; see review by Alison Frank in Slavic Review, vol. 66, no. 1, spring 2007, pp. 115-117.

S. Kieniewicz, "The Free State of Krakow, 1815-46," Slavonic and East European Review, v. 26, 1947, (PP. 68-89),

Lawrence D. Orton, "The Formation of Modern Cracow, 1868-1914," Austrian History Yearbook, v. XIX-XX, no 1, 1983-84, pp. 105-118.

(L.Orton, b. 1941, an American historian of Polish and Czech lands, was then teaching at George Washington University, Washington, D.C; see his book on The Prague Slav Congress of 1848, [1978], also a study on Polish Detroit [1981].

Kazimierz Popiolek, "1848 in Silesia. II. The Duchy of Teschen," Slavonic and East European Review, v. 26, 1948, pp. 384-89.

(K. Popiolek, 1903-1986, was, like his father Franciszek Popiolek, 1868-1960, a historian of Silesia; Franciszek wrote mostly about Teschen /Cieszyn/Tesin Silesia while Kazimierz wrote mostly about Upper Silesia.)

James Shedel, "Austria and its Polish Subjects, 1867-1914: "A Relationship of Interests," Austrian History Yearbook, v. XIX-XX, 1983-84, pp. 23-42.

(Shedel, an American scholar, then taught at Georgetown University, Washington, D.C.)

Thomas W. Simons, Jr., "The Galician Peasant Revolt of 1846 in Recent Polish Historiography," Slavic Review, v. 30, no 4., 1971, pp. 796-817.

(T.W. Simons is an American scholar-diplomat. He served in the USSR and Eastern Europe for many years, was U.S. ambassador to Poland in the early 1990s, and authored Eastern Europe in the Postwar World, New York, 1991.)

Daniel Unowsky, The Pomp and Politics of Patriotism: Imperial Celebrations in Habsburg Austria, 1848-1916, West Lafayette, IN, 2005; see the review by Maria Bucur in The American Historical Review, vol. 112, no. 4, October 2007, p. 1275, or the online review by John Deak, How To Do Things with Monarchs: Franz Joseph as State and Symbol,” HABSBURG, H-Net Reviews, December 2006, URL:
http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.cgi?path=161121169672848

Piotr S. Wandycz, The Lands of Partitioned Poland, ch. 11, pp. 214-238.

(Wandycz, b. Poland, 1923; Prof. Em. Yale University, is the pre-eminent historian of Poland in the U.S.. The book covers Galicia and Prussian Poland 1867-1914; see also ch. 12, which deals partly with the Ukrainian National Revival in Austrian Poland.)

same, "The Poles in the Austrian Empire," Austrian History Yearbook, v. 3, pt. II., 1967,, pp. 261-86.

Henryk Wereszycki, "The Poles as an Integrating and Disintegrating Factor, " idem, pp. 287-313.

(Wereszycki, 1898-1990, was a historian of Poland and Europe specializing in the19th century. He was attacked and pushed aside in the early 1950s mainly on account of his non-Marxist History of Poland 1848-1918, published1948. Reinstated at the Jagiellonian University after the party leadership change of October 1956, he was able to do research abroad and published studies in 19^th century European diplomatic history.)

Larry Wolff, "'Kennst du das Land?' The Uncertainty of Galicia in the Age of Metternich and Fredro," Slavic Review, vol. 67, no. 2, summer 2008, pp. 277-300.

The Ukrainians of East Galicia and Polish-Ukrainian relations, in the 19^th century..

Jan Kozik, The Ukrainian National Movement in Galicia, 1815-1849, ed. and Introduction by Lawrence D.Orton, tr. from the Polish by Andrew Gorski and Lawrence Orton, Edmonton, 1986.

(Jan Kozik, 1935-1979, published this work in Polish in 1975 as a sequel to his study of the same topic in 1830-1848. Orton was a specialist in the history of international relations and Poland, at Georgetown University, Washington, D.C; Gorski also translated T.Manteuffel’s work on the Formation of the Polish State, published in 1982.)

Paul Magocsi, Galicia: A Historical Survey and Bibliographic Guide, Toronto, 1983 .

(Magocsi is a professor of history at the University of Toronto).

same, A History of Ukraine, Seattle, WA., 1996 and reprints, chapters 31-34.

Andrei S. Markovits and Frank E. Sysyn, eds., Nationbuilding and the Politics of Nationalism in Austrian Galicia, Cambridge, Mass., 1982.

(Sysyn authored a book on Adam Kysil, 1600-1653, see under Decline and Partitions of Poland, the Cossacks.)

Ivan L. Rudnytsky, "The Ukrainians in Galicia under Austrian Rule," Austrian History Yearbook, v. III, pt. 2, 1967, pp. 394-429

(I.L.Rudnytsky,1919-1984, was born in Vienna, studied in Lwow - now L’viv - Berlin [M.A.1942], Prague [Ph.D.1945], Geneva, Grad. Inst. ofInternational Studies diploma 1951, and New York. He was a prominent Ukrainian historian and taught at the University of Alberta, Canada.)

same: "Polish-Ukrainian Relations: The Burden of History," in: P. Potichnyj, ed., Poland and Ukraine: Past and Present, Edmonton, 1980.

(reprinted in work cited below).

Same: “The Ukrainian national movement on the eve of the First World War,” in: Peter L. Rudnytsky, ed., Essays in Modern Ukrainian History by Ivan L. Rudnytsky, Edmonton, Alberta, 1987, pp. 375-388,

Timothy Snyder, The Reconstruction of Nations, (2003),ch. 7, Galicia and Volhynia at the Margin (1569-1914), pp. 105-132.
(Snyder, author of several books, teaches East European History at Yale University.)

Orest Subtelny, Ukraine. A History, Toronto, 1988, ch. 17, Eastern Galicia: A Bastion of Ukrainianism, pp. 307-335.

(Subtelny was then a professor of history at York University, Toronto, later at the Ukrainian Studies Institute, Harvard.)

(B)Prussian Poland.

Richard Blanke, "An Era of Reconciliation in Polish-German Relations (1890-1894), Slavic Review, v. 36, no. 1, pp. 1-24.

(Blanke is an American historian of German descent teaching at the University of Maine.)

same Prussian Poland in the German Empire (1871-1900), East European Monographs., LXXXVI (86) 1981.

(deals with Prussian policy).

same, Polish-Speaking Germans? Language and National Identitity among the Masurians since 1871, Cologne, 2001.

(a study of germanized, Protestant Poles.)

"Germans and Poles, 1849-1940 - A Symposium," Polish Review, v. 17, 1972, no.1;

William, W. Hagen Germans, Poles and Jews. The Nationality Conflict in the Prussian East, 1772-1914,. Chicago, 1980

(excellent work on Prussian policy and relations between the peoples; Hagen, b. Butte, Montana, 1924, is an American historian of Germany; at this time he taught at the University of California, Davis, CA.)

John L. Kulczycki, School Strikes in Prussian Poland, 1901-1907; The Struggle over Bilingual Education, East European Monographs, Boulder, CO and New York, 1981.

(Kulczycki, b. Milwaukee, WI., 1941, is a Polish-American historian of Poles and Poland, Prof. Em. University of Illinois, Chicago.)

Same: “Social change in the Polish National Movement in Prussia before World War I,” Nationalities Papers, vol. IV, no. 1, 1976, pp. 17-53, reprinted in: Studia Historica Slavo-Germanica, vol. VI, Poznan, 1977, pp. 113-137.

Same: “German Cultural Imperialism in Prussian Poland, 1871-1914,” in: Russian and Slavic History, edited by D.K. Rowney and G.E.Orchard, Slavica, Columbus, OH., 1977, pp. 105-122.

same: The Foreign Worker and the German Labor Movement: Xenophobia and Solidarity in the Coal Fields of the Ruhr, 1871-1914, Oxford and Providence, 1994.

Same: The Polish Coal Miners’ Union and the German Labor Movement in the Ruhr, 1902-1934: National and Social Solidarity, Oxford, New York, 1997.

Harry Kenneth Rosenthal, German and Pole. National Conflict and Modern Myth, Gainesville, Fla., 1976.

(A good exposition of German views of Poles; H. K. Rosenthal, b. New York, 1941, was then teaching at Fordham University.)

Lech Trzeciakowski, "The Prussian State and the Catholic Church in Prusssian Poland, 1871-1914," Slavic Review, v. 26, 1967.

(Trzeciakowski, b. 1931, is a historian of 19^th century Poland with special emphasis on Prussian Poland he was then teaching at the Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan.)

Richard W. Tims, Germanizing Prussian Poland: The H-K-T Society and the Struggle for the Eastern Marches of the German Empire, New York, 1941

(KHT stood for Hannemann, Kenneman and Thiedemann, three leading German landowners and germanizers of Poles in Prussian Poland. This is an older work by an American historian, which is still useful.).

(C)Russian Poland; Poles and Russians:.Surveys

N. Davies, God's Playground, II, ch. 13, Kongresowka.

Piotr S. Wandycz, Lands of Partitioned Poland, ch. 4, 6, 9, ff.

Special Studies.

(i)Russian-Polish Relations and the Polish Question.

Edward Chmielewski, The Polish Question in the Russian State Duma, (1907-1914), Knoxville, Tenn., 1970.

(A competent study based on Russian sources; the author, b. 1928, Albany, N.Y., was then teaching at the University of Tennessee at Knoxville, TN.)

Jacob Kipp, "Policing Pahskevich's Poland: The Corps of Gendarmes and Polish Society," in Kiraly, War and Society in East Central Europe, vol. IV, East European Monographs no. 150, Boulder Co., and New York, 1984, pp. 200-217.

(J. Kipp is a specialist in military history, weapons and strategy, particularly the USSR and the Federal Russian Republic; he was then a Senior Analyst for Military Studies, Fort Leavenworth, KS, also Adjunct Professor of History at the University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS. This work, deals with Russian Poland c. 1831-50.)

Eligiusz Kozlowski, "The Army and Population of the Polish Kingdom, 1815-1830," in Kiraly, War and Society in East Central Europe, vol.IV, East Eur.. Mon., 150, pp. 157-170.

(Kozlowski, 1924-1987, was a Polish military historian specializing in the19^th century, particularly the Polish uprising of 1863-64 against Russia.)

Waclaw Lednicki, Russia, Poland and the West: Essays in Literary and Cultural History, New York, 1954.

(W. Lednicki, 1891-1967, born in Poland, in U.S. since 1940, was a historian of Polish and Russian literature who taught at Harvard University, later at the University of California, Berkeley, CA; see also work by Andrew Kier Wise..

Angela T. Pienkos, The Imperfect Autocrat. Grand Duke Constantine Pavolovich and the Polish Congress Kingdom, E. Eur. Mon. CCXVII -217- Boulder, CO., and New York, 1987.

(Pienkos, b. 1941, Chicago, wife of historian Donald E. Pienkos, is an educator, administrator and historian in Milwaukee, WI.)

Ralph W. Thackeray, Antecedents of Revolution. Alexander I and the Polish Kingdom, E.Eur. Mon. LXVII - 67 - Boulder, CO., and New York, 1980.

(Thackeray, a historian of Poland and Russia, then taught at Indiana University Southeast, Albany, IN.)

(ii)Polish Revolutions/Insurrections against Russia, 1830-31 and 1863-64,Surveys

Norman Davies, God's Playground, II, ch. 2 and 16;

Wandycz, Lands of Partitioned Poland, Part Two, The Age of Insurrections, ch. 6- 9 (pp. 105-192).

(A)The Revolution of November 1830-31

Czeslaw Bloch, "The Polish Army and Society in the November Insurrection," in: Kiraly, War and Society in East Central Europe, v .IV, East European Monographs no. 150, Boulder CO and New York, 1984, pp. 171-188.

(Bloch then taught history at the Catholic University, Lublin, Poland ).

R.F. Leslie, Polish Politics and the Revolution of November 1830, London, 1956.

(Leslie was an English historian of Poland with left-wing sympathies. This made him take a very critical view of the Polish nobility and gentry who fought against the Russians..

Marian Zgorniak, "The Social Structure of the Polish Army in the November Insurrection," East European. Monographs. No. 150, pp. 189-199.

(M. Zgorniak, b. 1924, is a specialist in military history, who then taught at the Jagiellonian University, Krakow).

(i).American Reactions to the Polish Revolution of 1830-31.

Arthur P. Coleman, A New England City and the November Uprising, Chicago, 1939.

(Coleman was an American specialist in Polish Literature).

Andrzej Dakowski, “The Coverage of the Polish November Insurrection of 1830-31 in the Contemporaneous American Newspapers and Magazines,” American Studies, American Studies Center, Warsaw University, vol. X, 1991, pp. 103-118.

Jerzy Lerski, A Polish Chapter in Jacksonian America, Madison, Wisc., 1958.

(Lerski was a WWII veteran of the Polish Resistance; he taught in San Francisco. See his Dictionary of Polish History, 966-1945.)

(ii) The International Context of the Polish Revolution of 1830-31

Jan A. Betley, Belgium and Poland in International Relations, 1830-1831, Hague, 1960 .

(A good study in diplomatic history by a Polish emigre historian.)

(B) The Polish Revolution of 1863-64,

(i) The Antecedents.

R.F. Leslie, Reform and Insurrection in Poland 1856-1865, London, 1963.

See note on his book about the revolution of 1830-31, above. He is, again, rather negative about the noble insurrectionists.)

Irena M. Roseveare, "Wielopolski's Reforms and their Failure before the Uprising of 1863, Antemurale, v. 15, Rome, 1971, pp. 82-214.

(A competent study in a respected Polish emigre historical journal.)

Stanley J. Zyzniewski, "The Futile Compromise Reconsidered: Wielopolski and Russian Policy 1861-3," American Historical Review, v. 70, 1964, no. 2, pp. 395-412.

(S. Zyzniewski was a Polish-American historian specializing in this period of Polish history).

(ii)The insurrection of 1863-64.

Leslaw Dudek, "The Logistics of the Insurgent Troops in the January Insurrection," Antemurale, vol. VII-VIII, Rome, 1963, pp. 92-107.

Emanuel Halicz, Polish National Liberation Struggles and the Genesis of the Modern Nation.Collected Papers translated by Roger A. Clark, Odense, 1982..

(E.Halicz is a Polish historian who then resided in Denmark.)

same: Partisan Warfare in 19th Century Poland, The Development of a Concept, translaed by Jane Fraser, Odense, Denmark, 1975. (Military-social study).

Stefan Kieniewicz, "Polish Society and the Insurrection of 1863," Past and Present, no. 37, Oxford, 1967, pp. 139-148.

(by a Polish specialist in 19th c. Polish history).

Marian Kukiel, "Military Aspects of the Insurrection of 1863-4, " Antemurale, v. VII-VIII, 1963, pp. 363-396.

(M. Kukiel was a Polish military historian).

R.F.Leslie (see antecedents, above).

Walentyna Rudzka, "Studies in the Polish Insurerrectionary Government in 1863-4," Antemurale, v. VII-VIII, Rome, 1963 (pp. 397-476).

(iii)Foreign views of the Polish Insurrection of 1863-64.

Arthur P. Coleman and M.M. Coleman, The Polish Insurrection of 1863 in the Light of New York Editorial Opinion, Williamsport, Pa., 1934.

Norman Davies, "The January Insurrection in Poland, 1863-1864, in the Light of British Consular Reports," War and Society, IV, East European Monographs, 150,1984, (pp. 227-245).

M.K. Dziewanowski, "Herzen, Bakunin and the Polish Insurrection of 1863," Journal of Central European Affairs, 1963 (?);

K.S. Pasieka, "The British Press and the Polish Insurrection of 1863," Slavonic and East European Review, v. 42, 1963 (pp. 15-37).

Michael B. Petrovich, "Russian Pan-Slavism and the Polish Insurrection,," Harvard Slavic Studies, v. 1, 1953, pp. 219-247.

(Michael B. Petrovich was born in Cleveland, OH., 1922. He was historian of Russia and Eastern Europe and taught at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI).

Sutherland Edwards, The Polish Captivity. An Account of the Present Position of Poland and the Poles, 2 vols, illus., London, 1863.

(Sutherland Edwards was then a correspondent of the London Times; his vivid reports are very sympathetic to the Poles.)

same, The Private History of a Polish Insurrection, from Official and Unofficial Sourcees, 2 vols., London, 1865.

Joseph W. Wieczerzak, A Polish Chapter in Civil War America. The Effects of the January Insurrection on American Opinion and Diplomacy, New York, 1967.

(Wieczerzak is a Polish American historian and long time editor of the Polish Review.)

C.The Revolution of 1905-07 in Russian Poland,

Robert Blobaum, Feliks Dierzynski ( see under Polish Marxists).

(Blobaum is a contemporary American historian of Poland.)

same, "The Revolution of 1905-07 and the Crisis of Polish Catholicism," Slavic Review, v. 47, 1988 (pp. 667-86).

Same: Rewolucja: Russian Poland, 1904-1907, Ithaca, N.Y., 1995.

(A social rather than political history, focusing on the working class.)

Richard D. Lewis, Revolution in the Countryside: Russian Poland 1905-07, Carl Beck Papers in Russian and East European Studies, no. 56, Pittsburgh, Pa., 1986.

(R.D.Lewis is a British historian of Poland).

Andrew Kier Wise, Alexander Lednicki: A Pole Among Russians and a Russian Among Poles – Polish-Russian Reconciliation in the Revolution of 1905, New York, NY, 2003.

(D)The Russification of former eastern Poland.

Theodore R. Weeks, Nation and State in Imperial Russia: nationalism and Russification in the western Russian frontier, 1863-1914, DeKalb, ILL., 1996.

(T.R. Weeks teaches at Southern Illinois University.).

Same: “Monuments and Memory: Immortalizing Count M.N. Muraviev in Vilna, 1898,” Nationalities Papers, vol. 27, no. 4, 1999, pp. 551-564.

(Muraviev, governor of Vilna province, was known to Poles in Lithuania as “Muraviev the hangman” because of his ruthless crushing of the revolt there in 1863-64. This article is an excellent account of the russification policies he initiated in the western provinces of the Russian Empire, a policy continued by his successors.)

The Jews of Partitioned Poland

Chimen Abramsky, Maciej Jachimczyk & Antony Polonsky, The Jews of Poland, Oxford, 1986.

(Very good overview in papers by experts read at a conference on the subject held in Oxford; the book covers the period from the Middle Ages through World War II).

Robert Blobaum, ed., Anti-Semitism and Its Opponents in Modern Poland, Ithaca, NY and London, 2005; see review by Angela White in The Polish Review, vol. LII, no. 2, 2007, pp. 256-259.

Glenn Dynner, Men of Silk: The Hasidic Conquest of Polish Jewish Society, New York, NY, 2006; see review by Joanna B. Michlic in The American Historical Review, vol. 112, no. 2, April 2007, pp. 618-619 or Nancy Sinkoff in Slavic Review, vol. 66, no. 4, winter 2007, pp. 733-734.

Encyclopedia of the Jewish Diaspora. Poland Series, 5 vols, Jerusalem, 1953-57.

Aleksander Hertz, The Jews in Polish Culture, edited by Lucjan Dobroszycki, Evanston, Il.,1988.

(An excellent study by an authority on the subject, edited by a well known Polish-Jewish historian. J. Dobroszycki was born in Poland 1925, in the U.S. since 1970 at the Yivo Institute, New York, N.Y., died 1997.)

Joanna Beata Michlic, Poland's Threatening Other: The Image of the Jew from 1880 to the Present, Lincoln, NE, 2006.

(see review by Moshe Rosman in Am. Hist. Rev., v.112, pp. 619-620.)

Ivo Cyprian Pogonowski, Jews in Poland. A Documentary History, New York, 1993, Part III, Atlas, Under Foreign Rule, Competition, 1795-1918, pp. 289-300.

(Pogonowski is a retired engineer with history as his avocation; this is for the non-specialist reader.)

Antony Polonsky, ed., Polin: Studies in Polish Jewry, vol. 17: The Shtetl: Myth and Reality, Portland, OR, 2004.

( see review by Francois Guesnet in Slavic Review, vol. 65, no. 3, fall 2006, pp. 576-577. Polin. A Journal of Polish-Jewish Studies, edited by Antony Polonsky, annual volumes beg. Oxford, 1986. This is an invaluable series edited by an authority on the subject. Polonsky, formerly at the London School of Economcics, holds the Chair of Judaic Studies at Brandeis University. For. articles on the 18^th and 19^th century see esp. vol. I, Oxford, 1986. His history of the Jewish in Poland is forthcoming in 2009.)

Poles and Jews. Myth and Reality in the Historical Context, International Conference sponsored by the Institute on East Central Europe, Columbia University, in cooperation with The Center for Israel and Jewish Studies, Columbia University, 1983

(interesting conference papers)

Piotr Wrobel, "The Jews of Galicia under Austrian-Polish Rule, 1867-1918,"Austrian History Yearbook, 1994).

(Wrobel has the Chair of Polish History at the University of Toronto).

Nancy Sinkoff, Out of the Shtetl: Making Jews Modern in the Polish Borderlands, Providence, RI, 2004; see review by Daniel Stone in Slavic Review, vol. 66, no. 1, spring 2007, pp. 119-120.

Theodore R. Weeks, From Assimilation to Antisemitism: The “Jewish Question” in Poland, 1850-1914, DeKalb, IL, 2006.

(See reviews by: Danie Blatman in Slavic Review, vol. 66, no. 1, spring 2007, pp. 118-119; John J. Kulczycki in The Polish Review, vol. LII, no. 3, 2007, pp. 387-390; Brian Porter in The American Historical Review, vol. 111, no. 5, December 2006, pp. 1626-1627; Michael C. Hickey, “Why,” H-Russia, H-Net Review, April 2007, URL:http://h-net.msu.edu/reviews/showrev.cgi?path=115601179341453.)

Marcin Wodzinski, Haskalah and Hasidism in the Kingdom of Poland: A History of Conflict, translated by Sarah Cozens and Agnieszka Mirowska, Oxford and Portland, OR, 2005; see review by Moshe Rosman in The American Historical Review, vol. 112, no. 3, June 2007, pp. 950-951.

Literacy, Faith and Ethnic Identity in the Polish lands.

Stephen D. Corrsin, “Literacy Rates and Questions of Language, Faith and Ethnic Identity in Population Censuses in the Partitioned Polish Lands and Interwar Poland (1880s-1930s), The Polish Review, vol. XLIII (43), no. 2, 1999, pp. 131-160.

(A valuable study; Corrsin was then a Librarian Information Specialist at Columbia University, New York).

5. The Habsburg Empire and its Nationalities.

A. The Empire.

Ivan T. Berend, History Derailed: Central and Eastern Europe in the Long Nineteenth Century, Berkeley, CA, 2003; see review by Hugh LeCaine Agnew in Slavic Review, vol. 64, no. 3, autumn 2005, pp. 628-629.

F.R. Bridge, From Sadowa to Sarajevo. The Foreign Policy of Austria-Hungary 1866-1914, London, 1972.

(an excellent, detailed diplomatic history).

same, The Habsburg Monarchy among the Great Powers, 1815- 1918, Munich, Oxford, New York, 1990.

(Bridge is a British specialist in Habsburg history and British foreign policy. In 1990, he was a Reader in International History, University of Leeds, England. The focus of this book is on international relations; it has 16 portraits of Habsburg rulers and statesmen, maps, and a good bibliography; see also work by Barbara Jelavich below).

Maria Bucur and Nancy M. Wingfield, eds., Staging the Past: The Politics of Commemoration in Habsburg Central Europe, 1848 to the Present, West Lafayette, IN, 2001.

(see review by Alon Confino in the Am.Hist.Rev., v. 107, no. 5, Dec. 2002, pp. 1662-1663.)

Tibor Frank, Picturing Austria-Hungary: The British Perception of the Habsburg Monarchy, 1865-1870, Boulder, CO, 2005; see review by F. R. Bridge in The International History Review, vol. XXIX, no. 2, June 2007, pp. 387-388.

David F. Good, The Economic Rise of the Hasburg Empire, 1750-1914, Berkeley, CA., 1984.

(David F. Good, is an American expert on economics and history specializing in the Austrian Empire. In 1992 he was professor of history at the University of Minnesota. This is an excellent study with maps, tables, figures and a bibliography).

Barbara Jelavich, The Habsburg Empire in European Affairs, 1814-1918, Chicago, 1969.

(B. Jelavich, 1924-94, taught at Indiana University. This is a short, popular study by one of the foremost American experts on the Balkans and Eastern Europe; see also work by F.R.Bridge above).

C.A. Macartney, The Habsburg Empire, 1790-1918, London, 1968.

(Mainly political survey by the late British specialist on the Empire, especially Hungary).

Alan Palmer, Twilight of the Habsburgs. The Life and Times of Emperor Francis Joseph, New York,1994.

(A sympathetic study by a British biographer and historian. Palmer, b. 1926, has also written biographies of Metternich, Alexander I of Russia, Frederick the Great, and a history of Eastern Europe since 1815, among other works. This book is based on extensive sources, has good notes and a map of nationalities reprinted from Macartney, but no bibliography).

Joseph Redlich, Emperor Francis Joseph of Austria. A Biography, London, 1939; reprint Archon Books, Hamden, CT., 1965.

(Joseph Redlich, 1869-1936, was an Austrian jurist, politician and historian. This is a very critical biography of Francis Joseph, 1830-1916, who ruled from 1848 until his death and oversaw the transformtion of the monarchy into the dual empire in 1867. )

Gergely Romsics, Myth and Remembrance: The Dissolution of the Habsburg Empire in the Memoir Literature of the Austro-Hungarian Political Elite, Boulder, CO, 2006; see review by Steven Bela Vardy in Slavic Review, vol. 66, no. 3, fall 2007, pp. 522-523.

Daniel Unowsky, The Pomp and Politics of Patriotism: Imperial Celebrations in Habsburg Austria, 1848-1916, West Lafayette, IN, 2005; see the review by Maria Bucur in The American Historical Review, vol. 112, no. 4, October 2007, p. 1275 or the online review by John Deak, How To Do Things with Monarchs: Franz Joseph as State and Symbol,” HABSBURG, H-Net Reviews, December 2006, URL:
http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.cgi?path=161121169672848; see also the Bucur,Wingfield book at the top of this section.)

Gunther E. Rothenberg, The Army of Francis Joseph, West Lafayette, IN., 1976.

(In 1976, Rothenberg was professor of military history at Purdue University, IN. The book is a very detailed study of the army’s role in the life of the Empire, particularly its foreign policy).

Alan Sked, The Decline of the Habsburg Empire, 1815-1918, New York, 1989.

(In 1989, Sked was a Senior Lecturer in International History, University of London. The book focuses on domestic history; it has a useful chronology and maps, but no bibliography).

Timothy Snyder, The Reconstruction of Nations (2003) ch. 7. Galicia and Volhynia (1569-1914), pp. 105-132.

Henry Wickham Steed, The Habsburg Monarchy, London, 1913; reprints 1914, 1919.

(The author was the London Times correspondent in Vienna before World War I; he sympathized with the non-German and non-Magyar peoples, so this is a very negative view of the Empire. See also his memoirs below).

same, Through Thirty Years, 1892-1922. A Personal Narrative, New York, 1922.

B. Nationalism and Nationalities in the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the Balkans.

Jozef Chlebowczyk, On Small and Young National in Europe. Nation-Forming Processes in Ethnic Borderlands in East Central Europe, Polish Historical Library no. 1., Wroclaw, 1985.

(Chlebowczyk, 1924-1985, was a Polish specialist on the history of the peoples in the Polish-Czech ethnic borderlands in the Empire, especially Teschen (Cieszyn, Tesin) Silesia. Compare this book with the writings of the Czech specialist, Miroslav Hroch, on the forming of national consciousness among small nations).

Istvan Deak, Beyond Nationalism. A Social and Political History of the Habsburg Officer Corps, New York, Oxford, 1992.

(Istvan Deak, b. Hungary 1926, taught for many years at Columbia University, New York. This is an excellent, detailed study of this supra-national body which, together with the supranational higher Roman Catholic clergy, were twin pillars of the Empire; compare with Gunther E. Rothenberg.)

Dennis Deletant and Harry Hanak, eds., Historians as Nation-Builders: Central and South-Eastern Europe, Macmillan Press and London School of Slavonic and East European Studies, University of London,1988.

(D. Deletant was then Lecturer in Romanian at the LSSEES and H.Hanak was Reader in International Relations there. The book, which pays tribute in the Preface to Hugh Seton-Watson, 1916-1984, contains a chapter by him on “Trying to be a historian of Eastern Europe,” two chapters on Czech historians, also chapters on Greek, Romanian and Yugoslav historians before they dissolved into Serbs, Croats and others.)

Miroslav Hroch, “Language and National Identity,” in: Richard L. Rudolph and David F. Good, Nationalism and Empire. The Habsburg Monarchy and the Soviet Union, Minneapolis, MIN and New York, 1992, pp. 65-76.

(M.Hroch is a Czech specialist on nationalism.)

same: Social Preconditions of National Revival in Europe: a comparative analysis of the social composition of partiotic groups among the smaller European nations, Cambridge, England, 1985.

(This is a sociological model based on the Czech model; compare with J. Chlebowczyk.)

Barbara Jelavich, “Clouded Image: Critical Perceptions of the Habsburg Empire in 1914,” The Austrian History Yearbook, vol. XXIII (23) 1992, pp. 23-35.

(By the late, prominent American historian of the Balkans.)

Charles Jelavich, ed., The Habsburg Monarchy. Toward a Mulitnational Empire or National States? New York, 1959.

(Excellent selection of documentary sources illustrating the nationalities’ programs and demands in the period 1815-1918 by a leading American historian of the Balkans.)

R.A. Kann, The Multinational Empire, vol. I., New York, 1950, reprint 1964.

(R.A. Kann, 1906-81, was a distinguished historian of the Habsburg Empire; vol. II. deals with reform plans.)

R.A. Kann and Zdenek V. David, The Peoples of the Eastern Habsburg Lands, 1526-1918, Seattle, WA., and London, 1984.

(excludes the Poles. David was then the librarian at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars Library, Washington, D.C.)

Hans Kohn, The Habsburg Empire, 1804-1918, New York, 1961.

(A short survey with useful readings by an early and prominent historian of nationalism. Hans Kohn, 1891-1971, born in Prague under Austrian rule, belonged to the assimilated, German-speaking pro-Habsburg Jews of Bohemia; he condemned the nationalism of the successor states. His best known books are: The Idea of Nationalism, a Study of its Origins and Background, New York, 1944, Nationalism. Its Meaning and History, New York, 1955, and The Age of Nationalism; the First Era of Global History, New York, 1962.)

Raymond Pearson, National Minorities in Eastern Europe, 1848-1945, Macmillan Press, London and Basingstoke, 1983.

(ch. 1-2 and part of ch. 4. discuss the minorities up to World War I. The author, a specialist in Russian history, was then Senior Lecturer in History at the New University in Ulster, N. Ireland. The work is flawed by the author’s disdain for nationalism, the various nationalities and their goals, also by factual errors, see review by A.M. Cienciala, Canadian Slavonic Papers - Revue Candienne des Slavistes, vol.26, no. 2-3, 1984, pp. 241-242)

Ritchie Robertson and Edward Timms, eds., The Habsburg Legacy: National Identity in Historical Perspective, Edinburgh, 1994.

(Papers read at a conference held in the German Institute, London, 1992; see review in Austrian History Yearbook, vol. XXVII, 1996, pp. 329-21.)

Richard L. Rudolph and David F. Good, eds., Nationalism and Empire. The Habsburg Monarchy and the Soviet Union, Minneapolis, MIN., 1992.

(In 1992,R.L. Rudolph was professor of history at the University of Minnesota. This is a very valuable comparative study with chapters by experts.)

Gerald Stourzh, “The Multinational Empire Revisited: Reflections on Late Imperial Austria,” The Austrian History Yearbook, vol. XXIII (23), 1992, pp.1-22.

Peter F. Sugar, “ The External and Domestic Roots of Eastern European Nationalism,”in: Sugar and Ivo John Lederer, eds., Nationalism in Eastern Europe, Seattle, WA., 1969 and, reprints, pp. 3-54.

(Sugar, 1919-1999, was an eminent historian of the Balkans and Hungary. Lederer, a specialist on Yugoslavia, was professor of history at the University of Washington, Seattle, WA. For a critical review of the book see: Anna M. Cienciala, “East European Nationalism,” Problems of Communism, vol. XXII (22) no. 3, 1973, pp. 57 ff.)

Solomon Wank, The Nationalities Question in the Habsburg Monarchy: Reflections on the Historical Record, Working Papers in Austrian Studies no. 93-3, Center for Austrian Studies, Minneapolis, MIN., April 1993.

(Wank, b. Brooklyn, N.Y., 1930 is an expert on the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy).

The Jews of the Habsburg Empire.

William D. Godsey, Jr., “The Nobility, Jewish Assimilation and the Austro-Hungarian Foreign Service in the late Imperial era,” Austrian History Yearbook, vol. XXVII, 1996, pp. 155-180.

(Lists legislation giving equality to Jews but notes that no un-baptized Jews were at the Ballhausplatz; gives a list of pre-1918 marriages between noblemen and women of paternal jewish heritage.)

William O. McCagg Jr., A History of Habsburg Jews, 1670-1918, Bloomington, IN., 1989.

(A major study by the late American histoiran; see also his book on Hungarian Jews under: Hungary.)

Marsha L. Rozenblit, The Jews of Vienna, 1867-1914: Assimilation and Identity, Albany, N.Y., 1983.

(A study in social history and nationalism.)

Robert S. Wistrich, The Jews of Vienna in the Age of Franz Joseph, Oxford, 1989.

(Study in anti-semitism and national identity.)

Same: Socialism and Jews: the dilemmas of assimilation in Germany and Austria-Hungary Rutherford and East Brunswick, N.J., 1982.

(Good political history.)

5 (i). Hungary, 1700-1914.Surveys

Paul Ignotus, Hungary, London, 1972

(Very good, especially on the 19^th century. P. Ignotus, 1901-78, was a Hungarian-born British journalist and writer; he was imprisoned in Hungary as a British spy, 1946-56, see his memoirs: Political Prisoner, New York, 1960.)

Peter F. Sugar et al. eds., A History of Hungary, Bloomington, Ind., 1990

(ch. X-XV - chapters by specialists. The late Peter Sugar was an outstanding historian of Hungary and E.C.Europe.)

(ii)18th century Hungary,

Eva H. Balazs, Hungary and the Habsburgs, 1765-1800, Budapest, 1997.

(E.H. Balazs is one of the leading authorities on 18^th century Central Europe).

Bela Kopeczi, “Ferenc Rakoczi II,” New Hungarian Quarterly, Spring 1976, pp. 39-57.

(On his leadership of the rebellion against Austria and war of independence, 1701-11.)

Bela K. Kiraly, Hungary in the Eighteenth Century: the Decline of Enlightened Despotism, New York, Columbia Univ. Press, 1969.

(B. K. Kiraly, b. Hungary 1912, formerly in the Hungarian army, fought in the 1956 Hungarian Revolution; emigrated to the U.S. in 1956 and became a historian. After the collapse of communist in 1989, he returned to Budapest .)

Istvan Kelley, Management of Big Estates in Hungary between 1711 and 1848, Budapest, 1980.

Henrik Marczali (1856-1940), Hungary in the Eighteenth Century, Cambridge, Eng., 1910.

(Old study, but still useful.)

Early 19th century Hungary, the revolution and War of Independence, 1848-49

George Barany, "The Hungarian Diet of 1839-40 and the Fate of Szechenyi's Middle Course," Slavic Review, 1963, no. 2, pp. 285 ff.

(The late G. Barany, born Budapest, 1922, was an expert on the subject; he taught at the University of Denver,Colorado.)

same: Stephen Szechenyi and the Awakening of Hungarian Nationalism, 1791-1841, Princeton, 1968.

(Excellent, full length biography of a great Hungarian statesman up to 1841.)

Istvan Deak, The Lawful Revolution. Louis Kossuth and the Hungarians, 1848-1849, New York, 1979.

(.Deak, born in Hungary 1926, is the leading western expert on the subject; at this time, he was professor of history at Columbia University, New York.)

same: "Progressive Feudalists: The Hungarian Nobility in 1848," in: Banac and Bushkovitch, The Nobility in Russia and Eastern Europe, New Haven, 1983, pp. 123-136.

(Compare with C.A. Macartney below.)

Same: “Where Loyalty and where Rebellion? The Dilemma of the Hasburg Army Officers in 1848-1849,” in: Bela K. Kiraly, ed., War and Society, vol. IV, East Eur. Monographs 150, 1984, pp. 393- 418.

Leszlo Deme, The Radical Left in the Hungarian Revolution of 1848, East European Monographs XIX (19) Boulder CO., New York, 1976,

John Komlos, "A Legal Revolution or a Misguided Rebellion? Another Look at the Hungarian Events of 1848, " - and Reply by Istvan Deak, East Central Europe, v. 9, no. 1-2, 1982, pp. 137-147.

Istvan Kovacs, “The Polish Legion in the Hungarian War of Independence, 1848-1849,” in: Bela K. Kiraly, ed., War and Society, vol. IV, East Eur. Monogr. 150, 1984, pp.557-577.

(The most famous Polish officer in this war was General Bem.)

C.A.Macartney, “Hungary,” in: A. Goodwin, ed., The European Nobility in the Eighteenth Century, London, 1953, pp.118-135.

(Compare with I. Deak above.)

"National Interest and Cosmopolitan Goals in the Hungarian Revolution of 1848-1849," (articles and discussion in Austrian History Yearbook, v. XII-XIII, 1976-77, pp. 3-94.

Charles Sproxton, Palmerston and the Hungarian Revolution, Cambridge, England, 1919.

(Based on Foreign Office papers; the author was killed in WW1.)

Gyorgy Spira, The Nationalities Issue in the Hungary of 1848-1849, Budapest, 1992.

(Discusses all the nationalities of Hungary, Hungarian policy toward them, and historiography.)

Hungary, 1848/49- 1867.

Sugar et al., A History of Hungary, ch. XII, XIV (pp. 235-266),

Gyorgy Szabad, "Hungarian Political Trends Between the Revolution and the Compromise, 1848-1867," Studia Historica Academiae Scientiarium Hungaricae, v. CXXXVII, Budapest, 1977.

The Austro-Hungarian Compromise,1867 and after:

George Barany, "Hungary: The Uncompromising Compromise," Austrian History Yearbook, v. III, pt. 1, 1967.

(A negative evaluation).

Andras Gero, The Hungarian Parliament (1867-1918), trans. James Patterson and Eniko Koncz, New Jersey, 1997.

(A.Gero is a leading historian of Hungar